1. Chapter 10, Lesson 5 The Late Middle Ages It Matters Because: During the Late Middle Ages, Europe experienced serious economic, political, & religious conflicts.

2. I. Famine in Europe A. Europe was prosperous during 1200s 1. Population of Europe grew for first time since Roman Empire B. Early 1300s, cold winters, rainy summers led to poor farming Famine 1. Famine - time when food is extremely scarce 2. Crops rotted & livestock died from disease; many starved C. Plague followed the famine 1. Spread to Europe from Asia Black Death 2. Became known as the Black Death

3. II. The Black Death A. Arrived in Europe, 1346 from Asia 1. Killed 40-60 million Chinese, half of China’s population 2. Spread as Silk Road used to trade with European merchants B. What is the Black Death? Bubonic Plague 1. The Bubonic Plague spread by bacteria carried by fleas, carried by rats 2. Infected rats brought to cities in trading caravans or ships 3. Fever, chills, swelling, sores, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, abdominal & chest pain, death C. Death toll estimated 30-60% of Europe’s population, 19-38 million people

5. D. What were the effects of the Plague? 1. Trade declined as millions died, survivors grew afraid 2. Workers’ wages rose steeply as work force died & demand for workers rose 3. Demand for food decreased, prices fell 4. Feudalism weakened as manors lost workers E. People did not know why plague happened 1. Some thought God was punishing them for their sins 2. Others blamed the Jews, drove them out of cities II. The Black Death BrainPop

6. III. Religious Conflict The Second Great Schism A. The Second Great Schism divided Europe, late 1300s & early 1400s 1. Many different bishops claimed to be rightful Pope 2. In 1417, council of bishops elected a Pope & reunified Europe B. Many people criticized church’s growing wealth, corruption in the priesthood C. Reformers in Europe called on the Church to make many changes Reformation 1. Eventually led to the Reformation

7. IV. The Hundred Years’ War A. England controlled areas of N. France (Normandy) into 1400s 1. French kings wanted to unite all French-speaking people B. England’s Edward III declared self King of France, invaded France in 1346 The Hundred Years’ War C. Start of The Hundred Years’ War 1. English won early victories due to superior technology 2. Longbow & early form of cannon 3. Longbowmen shot arrows that could pierce armor from 300 yards

8. Longbowmen at Agincourt(5:00) Longbowmen at Agincourt (7:24) Longbow Demo Longbow vs. Crossbow Each picture is a link. Click to view the corresponding clip on YouTube

9. V. Joan of Arc Joan of Arc A. In 1429, Joan of Arc, 17-year-old farmer’s daughter, rode to Orleans with French army 1. Inspired by her faith & courage, French won victory at Orleans 2. Joan captured by English army & accused of witchcraft 3. Burned at the stake for heresy 4. Became a martyr, French hero & Catholic Saint B. Joan’s courage rallied French around Charles VII 1. By 1453, English were driven from France C. English nobles embarrassed by defeat 1. English people lost faith in the monarchy War of the Roses 2. Fought civil war, War of the Roses, to decide who would be king 3. Henry Tudor (Henry VII) became King in 1485

10. VI. Iberian Jews & Muslims Moors Iberian Peninsula A. Moors (Iberian Muslims) controlled Iberian Peninsula 1. Spain & Portugal today B. Christians fought to drive Muslims out of Iberia - the “Reconquista” 1. By 1250, there were 3 Christian kingdoms in Iberia 2. Portugal, Castile, Aragon 3. Granada was only Muslim kingdom C. In 1469, Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile, united their kingdoms to become Spain 1. Muslims & Jews were persecuted 2. In 1492, Spain conquered Granada, ordered Jews & Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave Spain; most left