1. The Enlightenment The Age of Reason

2. Previously in history….
Renaissance
Exploration
Scientific Revolution
Age of Reason!!!

3. Why is it so important? The Enlightenment will lead to global changes
The American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Latin Revolution

4. People will suffer for liberty and personal freedoms
America - Valley Forge
Slave uprising in Haiti
Storming of the Bastille in France

5. Sapere aude! = Dare to know!
What do you think this means?
How does this saying relate to the Enlightenment?

6. The Enlightenment When:17th and 18th Century
What was the Enlightenment? = THE AGE OF REASON!
European thinkers were attempting to solve every social, political, and economic problem using natural law from the Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment Cartoon

7. 3. How does the Scientific Revolution impact the Enlightenment?
The desire to solve problems and understand questions like “how?” and “why?” from the Sci. Rev. are taken and applied to government and society.

8. 4. Changes to Government
What form of government was dominant in Western Europe before the Enlightenment?
Predict: How is that going to change after the Enlightenment? Why do you think that?
Enlightenment Cartoon

9. Let’s take a look at the Enlightenment thinkers take on government
The most common form of government around the world was a monarchy – this would drastically change

10. Core beliefs of the Philosophes Add to your note sheet!
Reason: Believed truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking
Nature: what is natural is also good and reasonable
Happiness: rejected the idea that people should find joy in hereafter and seek wellbeing on earth

11. Progress: stressed that society and humankind could improve
Liberty: called for liberties that all people are entitled to

12. Who: The Major Figures Thomas Hobbes
People are cruel, greedy, selfish and need to be controlled
Hobbes believed people should live by a social contract agreed upon by all
Only a powerful government could ensure order
He favored an absolute monarchy

13. The trade…
People handed their rights over to the government in exchange for law and order.

14. John Locke People were inherently good
People were entitled to natural rights such as life, liberty, and property. Purpose of govt. is to protect these rights!
Favored self-government and thought the best government in his opinion had limited power.
Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson really liked Locke’s ideas.
Locke Mini Bio

15. Pick a Side
6. Who do you agree with? Hobbes or Locke?
Why? Can you think of an example?
Parenting example – good and bad
Classroom example – good and bad

16. So perms are out of style in 2015?
Voltaire (French)
Philosopher
Through the pen, he blasted corrupt officials, economic inequalities, injustice, the slave trade, and religious prejudice
He ticked off the Catholic Church and the French government.
His books were burned and he was imprisoned, and eventually exiled.
“What does it mean to be free?”
“I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
-Voltaire

17. Voltaire Cont. Add to note sheet!
Fought for…
Tolerance
Reason
Freedom of speech
Freedom of Religion

18. Take a Stand!
7. Which is more powerful in creating change? The pen or the sword? Defend your position!
Talk to a partner!
Split into two groups!
Discuss!

19. Rousseau (French) Believed people were good just like Locke
He wrote a book entitled The Social Contract
Committed to individual freedoms
Society placed too many limitations on people’s behavior.
Furthermore, only an government elected by people should impose such minimal rules.

20. “The consent of the people is the sole basis of a government’s authority.” -Rousseau’s Social Contract 1762 What does this mean?

21. Read Rousseau’s Social Contract
What are the basic concepts of Rousseau’s social contract?
How can we apply these to our own social contract?

22. Montesquieu Add to note sheet!
French philosopher
Separation of powers: Why?
Legislative
Judicial
Executive
Checks and balances

24. Let’s take a look at the economic beliefs – perhaps we can learn something
Bad and gone = Mercantilism: government regulation of the economy to balance trade.
Good and new = Laissez Faire (Let people do as they please): business should operate with little or no government interference. Free trade was good and tariffs were bad. Free market!

25. Adam Smith Adam Smith Used natural law to reform the economy
He favored Laissez Faire economics
He wrote Wealth of the Nations which became the ground work for economies for the next two hundred years.

26. So do you think Laissez Faire was a good practice?
Put young children in factories, pay them little, but the company does very well

27. Or perhaps this
Or you buy people, make them generational slaves, and make a huge profit

28. Think about this though

29. Regulations are necessary, but perhaps we have gone too far in 2015?

32. Pg. 632
Please copy this chart on to the bottom of your guided notes!

33. So lets sum it up!
What effects did Enlightenment philosophers have on government and society?

34. Self-government
The idea that people should be able to choose their form of government.
Is that always a good idea?

35. Government Activity Lets try self-government!
While completing this activity, you can do whatever you’d like.
EXCEPT break school rules!
Do people need to be controlled by a strong government or should they have less structure and be able to self govern?

36. Compare and Contrast
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment

37. So lets think about this…
What do the Enlightenment thinkers have in common?
What do the Enlightenment thinkers want to do?
What ideas are you familiar with? Where or why?