1. Models of Urban Structure

2. Concentric Zone Model
Ernest Burgess, 1920’s
City of Chicago

3. Concentric Zone Model Zone A: CBD is here
Transportation infrastructure converges
Most tertiary employment
Zone B:
Industrial activities
Adjacent to CBD, labor and markets
Port sites and rail yards

4. Concentric Zone Model Zone C: Low income housing
Constantly being converted to other uses due to expanding manufacturing and industrial activities
First generation immigrants
Zone D:
residential zone dominated by working class
Second generation immigrants
Near employment

5. Concentric Zone Model Zone E: Higher quality housing
Longer commuter costs
Zone F:
outside zone E
High class expensive housing
Rural, suburban setting

6. Concentric Zone Model: Considerations
Considered a product of its time, circa 1950
Developed for American cities and not easily applied elsewhere
Developed when people used public transit and can’t be applied to the highway cities of today

7. Sector Model Homer Hoyt, 1939 City of Chicago
Transport had a direct impact on land uses
Cities grow along an axis, thus the sector model 6

8. Sector Model 6 Zone 1: CBD Land is expensive
Little space, competition is high, congestion is high 6
Zone 2:
Zone of Transition
Old industries located here
State of constant change due to growth of Zone 1

9. Sector Model 6 Zone 3: Zone of Transition A.k.a old inner city areas
Low class residential housing 6
Zone 4:
Council Estates
Semi-detached housing
Garden areas
Medium-class residential

10. Sector Model Zone 5: Commuter Zone
Private, high class, top quality housing
Much commuting into CBD
Zone 6:
Countryside areas
Pleasant, rural surroundings
Satellite villages and towns

11. Sector Model: Considerations6

12. Multi-Nuclei Theory Harris and Ullman
Separate nucli or CBD’s in the urban pattern, not just one
Centrifugal forces determine land use, ie residential repels industrial
High rent vs low rent

13. Multi-Nuclei Theory Zone 1 CBD Zone 2 Zone of Transition Zone 3
Residential Low Class
Zone 4
Residential Middle Class

14. Multi-Nuclei Theory Zone 5 Residential Upper Class Zone 6
Industry and Heavy Manufacturing
Zone 7
Mini CBD
Zone 8
Residential Suburb

15. Multi-Nuclei Theory
Zone 9
Industrial Suburb

16. Multi-Nuclei Theory: Considerations