1. Chapter 17-2 Communist China

2. Communists vs. Nationalists Civil War Civil War

3. Communists win peasant support Mao’s forces worked to gain the support of peasants Mao’s forces worked to gain the support of peasants The Communists had fought a guerilla style war against the Japanese during WWII By improving food production and literacy they won the support of the peasants

4. U.S. aids the Nationalists (Anti- Communists) led by Jiang Jieshi During WWII, Jiang’s army fought very little against the Japanese During WWII, Jiang’s army fought very little against the Japanese –They were saving their supplies for the fight against Mao –The peasants did not benefit The U.S. spends about 2 billion dollars supporting the Nationalists between 1945-1949. The U.S. spends about 2 billion dollars supporting the Nationalists between 1945-1949. People were excited about Communist promises People were excited about Communist promises The Nationalists began to lose supporters by the millions The Nationalists began to lose supporters by the millions

5. Communists win China As the war rage the economy failed As the war rage the economy failed Nationalist soldiers began to desert to the Communists Nationalist soldiers began to desert to the Communists 10/49: Mao’s forces drive the Nationalists out of China 10/49: Mao’s forces drive the Nationalists out of China 1949, Mao Zedong proclaims the People’s Republic of China 1949, Mao Zedong proclaims the People’s Republic of China Jiang and his followers retreated to the island of Taiwan Jiang and his followers retreated to the island of Taiwan

6. Cold War in China The U.S.S.R.- supports the People’s Republic of China- Communist The U.S.S.R.- supports the People’s Republic of China- Communist –Military aid, technical support, & financial support The U.S.- supports The Republic of China on Taiwan- Democratic The U.S.- supports The Republic of China on Taiwan- Democratic –The US helped set up the Nationalist government

7. China expands Mao sent troops into Tibet, India, Inner Mongolia, & Outer Mongolia Mao sent troops into Tibet, India, Inner Mongolia, & Outer Mongolia –Chinese troops in Tibet used brutal tactic to subdue the Tibetans –The Chinese promise autonomy for Tibet –In the late 1950s, the Chinese tightened their hold on Tibet –The Religious leader the Dalai Lama fled to India as did many Tibetan refugees

8. Great Leap Forward Mao seized land & in 1958, created large collective farms Mao seized land & in 1958, created large collective farms –More than 1 million landlords were killed Peasants owned nothing and worked to provide for the state Peasants owned nothing and worked to provide for the state –200 to 300 households lived on these farms Communes: everyone shared everything Communes: everyone shared everything Crop failure led to 20 million deaths and the program ends in 1961. Crop failure led to 20 million deaths and the program ends in 1961. Big step backwards for China Big step backwards for China No incentives, and small inefficient industries No incentives, and small inefficient industries Growth slowed Growth slowed The program was ended The program was ended

9. China & the Soviet Union The cooperation between the 2 communist powers began to fade The cooperation between the 2 communist powers began to fade Both wanted to lead the way toward communist domination Both wanted to lead the way toward communist domination Territorial disputes Territorial disputes Because of failed economic ideas, new small capitalist ideas were introduced in China Because of failed economic ideas, new small capitalist ideas were introduced in China –Workers could compete for better wages –Farm families could grow food to sell on small private plots of land Mao believed this economic competition weakened social equality Mao believed this economic competition weakened social equality He urged young Chinese people to “learn revolution by making revolution” He urged young Chinese people to “learn revolution by making revolution”

10. Cultural Revolution Red Red Guards: militia groups formed to lead a Cultural Revolution Goal: Establish a society of peasants and workers where all are equal. Goal: Establish a society of peasants and workers where all are equal. The new hero of China was the peasant who work with his hands The new hero of China was the peasant who work with his hands out at anyone who had privilege Lashed out at anyone who had privilege Thousands were executed Thousands were executed Out of control by 1976 and Mao ends the Cultural Revolution. Out of control by 1976 and Mao ends the Cultural Revolution. –The army was sent to put down the Red Guards