1. Fragments are not Your Friends! Why bad Fragments happen to good people…(just ask your cell phone provider).

2. Definition of Fragment Unlike a sentence, which contains a subject & verb that expresses a complete thought, a fragment DOES NOT contain a complete thought: (WF: pp. 432-433) After the semester is over in May. The semester is over in May.

3. There are FOUR causes of Fragments! See Writing First pp. 431-53

4. 1. Phrases Definition: a group of words that lacks a subject, verb or both. by the table  near the corner before the concert after my last class (Prepostional phrases (WF: pp. 437-441) begin with a preposition and end with a noun.)

5. Other types of Phrases cause Fragments as well (see WF: 436-443). To spend another semester in English 60. (Infinitive) Smoking at Bakersfield College. (ing Frags)

6. 2. Dependent Clauses Definition: a group of words that contains a subject & verb but CANNOT stand alone. After I drove to school. Since my classes start in the morning. Because I was working all weekend. (Dep. Clauses usually have a subordinating conjunction in front of the S/V. (WF: pp. 360-361, 444-49)

7. 3. A List Definition: A list contains information but has no subject, verb, or complete thought (WF: p. 437). Coffee, milk, bread, Cheetos, & Heineken.  Working two jobs, taking fifteen units, volunteering, and coaching a sport.

8. 4. FANBOYS without S/V Definition: Using a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) at the beginning of a sentence WITHOUT a subject & verb after it. 1) And driving two hours to work everyday as well. 2) But is all day on Saturday! True or False: You never can start a sentence with And or But!!!

9. FALSE! RULE: You can always start a sentence with one of the FANBOYS as long as a subject and verb follows it (WF pp.435-36): Yes, Bart was coaching while going to school! And he was driving two hours to work every day as well. But the class is all day on a Saturday!

10. Fixing Fragments 1. Add a subject, verb or both: By the door = I walked by the door. 2. Make Frag. a sentence (by deleting the word causing an incomplete thought). Those bowlers who won a trophy last week. 3. Connect Frag to rest of sentence: She took advanced calculus. Yet had no fear. She took advanced calculus yet had no fear.