1. Chapter 6 By: Kimberly San-Martin

2. In the 1780s, many Americans feared the Revolution could still fail if not grounded in a virtuous republican government. The country needed a government without a monarch after the revolutionary war. They founded a national government leading to a genuine republic. illustrations from the 1780s indicate that the 13 stars were often arranged as a circle of 12 around a single central star.

3. Social and political reform They abolished remnants of aristocratic privilege like entail and primogeniture changed electoral patterns in part by lowering property requirements moved toward separation of church and state.

4. African Americans in the New Republic Anti-slavery societies were established in the North as a result of both economic situations and double standards which were represented by slavery. Southern states did not abolish slavery. Freed slaves in the North were still denied equal treatment and rights which came with being a complete citizen. First state to abolish slavery

5. Richard Allen Evangelical minister Organized African Methodist Church Philadelphia

6. Women plead to limit the power of the husband which brought attention to the petition for divorces. In 1773 the rate of the divorces was about the same for men and women. the Adam’s family letters were the letter exchanges between John and Abigail Adams as he set off to the constitution conventions. Throughout these letters she expresses to John Adams her plea to boundary the authority of husbands. She gained minor caring responses. During this time woman began to petition for their rights, such as divorce. Despite women’s efforts not much attention was gained. Adam’s Family Letters

7. The first constitution of the United States. Gave a structure for national government. The articles restricted central authority withheld the national government from having authority over any taxation or coercive power. This was ratified in 1781. The articles were agreed to by the continental congress.

8. Northwest Ordinance The issue facing the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation were the conflicts which occurred amongst states over western land territory. By 1802, all rights were surrendered to the federal government. The Northwest Ordinance provided a new structure for government of the NW territory. The Ordinance outlawed slavery north of the Ohio River. The ordinance as well demarcated a system for the territories’ admittance to the Union as states.

9. Farmer’s Proposed to inhibit state courts from foreclosing on debtors incapable of paying their taxes Due to heavy taxation on their farmland The rebellion was put down by the state militia. The results of the rebellion were calls for more effective central government and helped lead to the dropping of the Articles of Confederation in favor of the stronger Constitution.

10. Virginia PlanNew Jersey Plan In the Virginia Plan, Madison gave the federal government power to veto state laws. This affected opponents barely allowing opportunities for objections. This was Madison’s blueprint for a strong federal government. Representation would be determined by each states population or by states central government depending on financial support. Plan in which each of the states would give one vote and at the same time would give widespread new powers to tax and regulate trade. This was presented by a New Jersey lawyer, William Paterson. Paterson wrote this in fear for small states under the Virginia Plan. This plan effected delegates causing a scandal over who favored a strong federal government. Equal representation for each state and elected by legislatures.

11. The States debated and then approved the new constitution, and a Bill of Rights was added to protect individual liberties. For the Constitution to Become a Law 9/13 states had to ratify it. The framers of the constitution bypassed state legislatures because they feared that he legislatures would never approve a document because it reduced their powers. Struggle for Ratification of the Constitution

12. In favor of the constitution Opposed to the constitution In favor of a strong national government Supporters of state government and individual rights Feared people more than the government Feared the government more than the people

13. 1.Economic problems and Shays’ Rebellion convinced many American’s that something had to be done. 2.Federalist had one specific plan to present- The Constitution ( Anti- Federalists had no constructive opposition) 3.Federalist were a well-organized national group (Anti-Federalists id coordinate their activities on a national level) 4.George Washington

15. The federalists had George Washington’s support giving them a great advantage to point that the constitution had been crafted under the leadership of this great hero and most respected public figure. Status: 1 st President,” no political party”, (VA)

16. What turned the tides in states like Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York ? The skill’s of James Madison and Alexander Hamilton certainly had an impact, their offer to support several amendments to the constitution strongly aided their votes. Many American’s believed that the constitution needed a clear declaration of rights of the people.

17. James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights. Madison expressed to congress that “ the greatest dangers to popular liberties came from the majority operating against the minority”. A committee ratified his ten amendments. Madison’s greatest concern was that if needed to, amendments would be properly inserted into the Bill of Rights instead of attached onto the end, but he was overruled. Madison wrote this to shield individual rights from government intrusion. Status: 4 th President, Revolutionary leaders, Federalist, NY

18. George Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Independence which was later included into the United States Constitution. It declared that all men are free and independent possessing inherent rights, the right to liberty, to safety, and right to own property. Status: Political Thinker (VA)

19. Many federalists saw no need for these amendments. They believe that they were already building a government for the people and that under the constitution the people and the government were the same. Anti-federalists warned that if the rights of the people were not spelled out in the constitution, these rights would be considered unremunerated powers of the government. Facing overwhelming pressure for the Bill of Rights, the Federalists gave in. Compromise with the anti-federalists = VICTORY