1. Early Republic Launching a New Republic

2. THINK about it… Under the new Constitution, we have a President What kind of person would you choose to help you govern? What challenges might you have in being the first President?

3. George Washington takes office 1789 – the electoral college selected George Washington as President John Adams got the second most votes = Vice President inauguratedApril 30, 1789 – George Washington was inaugurated – sworn in as president

4. Setting up the courts Federal Judiciary Act of 1793Federal Judiciary Act of 1793 - gave Supreme Court 6 members Over time, that number has grown to 9 –An odd number prevents a tie if they vote

5. Washington’s cabinet cabinetcabinet - heads of departments who help the President lead the nation Washington had 3 men in his cabinet: –Secretary of State – foreign interestsSecretary of State – foreign interests –Secretary of War - defenseSecretary of War - defense –Secretary of the Treasury - $$Secretary of the Treasury - $$

6. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson In charge of foreign interests

7. Secretary of War Henry Knox In charge of defense

8. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton In charge of the Nation’s finances

9. The new nation’s economy Alexander Hamilton was appointed secretary of the Treasury The nation was in debt. They borrowed money from other countries for the war. Hamilton’s Financial Plan 1.Pay off war debts 2.Raise government revenue 3.Create a national bank

10. Paying off debt – how? tariffsHamilton’s idea to pay off the national debt was with tariffs – a tax on imported goods. Tariffs serve 2 purposes: –Raise money for the government –Encourage growth of American industry

11. Washington D.C. Gov’t told Virginia if it would give its debt to the national gov’t the federal city would be built on its door step Built on 10 square miles of land inbetween Virginia and Maryland and belongs to NO state Virginia’s debts were paid off due to the tourist activity in the new capital

12. Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton put a tax on whiskey Farmers were upset because whiskey and the grain it was made from were important products –The Whiskey Rebellion –The Whiskey Rebellion – a group of farmers rebelled against the tax –Washington sent armies to end the rebellion – this showed the government had power

13. Create a national bank Why a national bank? –Give the government a safe place to keep money –Make loans to business and government –Issue paper money

14. How does a bank work?

16. Political Parties form Main disagreement was Americans were divided over how the nation should be run political partypolitical party – a group of people that try to promote ideas & influence government = Democratic-Republican Party 1.Jefferson & Madison = Democratic-Republican Party = Federalist Party 2.Hamilton = Federalist Party

17. Democratic-Republicans Supported civil liberties (individual rights) Wanted nothing more than a coastline defense Weak federal government Strict interpretation of Constitution Did not like tariffs Mostly agricultural based Resided along the South and West of Country(frontier) Supported the French Preferred state banks over National Bank

18. Federalist Supported restrictions on civil liberties Wanted a strong navy Strong central government Loosely interpreted the Constitution Advocated the protective tariff Gov’t should be ruled by best people Business and merchant mariner along sea coast Supported the British Favor of a National Bank

19. French Revolution In France, the French began a revolution (similar to the American Revolution) France helped us in our revolution – do we help them? Neutrality proclamation of 1763Neutrality proclamation of 1763 – we remain neutral, do not choose sides –This is a major foundation for America’s isolationnist tradition

20. British Conflicts For 10 years Britain kept forts along the Great lakes in defiance of the treaty of Paris 1793. America had no Navy to stop from giving guns to the Indians, who attacked us as we moved west They also seized 300 merchant ships in the West Indies.

21. Washington Retires farewell addressGeorge Washington gave a farewell address when he retired from office. The address had 3 important points: 1.Avoid debt 2.Stay out of foreign affairs (neutral) 3.Do not form political parties

22. Next election Federalists choose John Adams Democratic-Republicans choose Thomas Jefferson Adams becomes 2 nd PresidentAdams becomes 2 nd President Jefferson becomes Vice President (2 nd most votes)Jefferson becomes Vice President (2 nd most votes) –They were rivals

23. XYZ Affair XYZ Affair – Incident in which French agents attempt to get a bribe and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared naval war between the two countries.

24. Undeclared War France vs America 1798 to 1800 USA realized the need for Navy Marines were created in 1798 Napoleon came to power in France in 1800 He had big plans for Europe and couldn’t afford to be at war with the USA

25. Convention of 1800 France agreed to no longer accept the treaty of alliance of 1798 USA agreed to pay damages done to American shippers by France This ended the undeclared war. The timing was critical in 1803 we doubled the size of the USA and if we had been still fighting France this wouldn’t have happened

26. Federalist Power While the war was being fought the federalist gain overwhelming power in the Senate and House of Representatives We now had a Federalist president, supreme court and Congress

27. Alien & Sedition Acts Alien ActCongress passed the Alien Act – President can expel any person thought to be a threat (targeted immigrants) Sedition ActSedition Act – anyone who criticizes government can be jailed or fined both were UNCONSTITUTIONAL

28. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Thomas Jefferson and James Madison anonymously wrote a response to the laws which criticized the abuse of power and violation of the peoples 1 st amendment rights. This caused Americans to compare our gov’t to the British monarchy we had overthrown

29. Election of 1800 Federalists choose John Adams Democratic-Republicans choose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr There was a tie between Jefferson and BurrThere was a tie between Jefferson and Burr –The House of Representatives voted and broke the tie –Thomas Jefferson won the tie and became the 3 rd President