1. Missouri Comp

2. Texas War of Independence
Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820’s and brought their slaves with them.
War fought by Texans against Mexico because they believed their rights had been violated.
Won by Texans in 1836 and requests to enter the U.S.
Texas War of Independence

3. Texas War of Independence
President Jackson and Van Buren refused to recognize Texas statehood because of slavery.
Texas became its own country with Sam Houston president, 1836 to 1845.
Mexico never recognized the independence of Texas.

4. Texas War of Independence1
Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845.
Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S., this would be an act of war.
One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846.
Texas War of Independence1

5. Believed in Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk, Democrat
President from 1845 to 1849
Believed in Manifest Destiny
Expansionist
54’, 40’ or Fight
Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846 (Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty)
49th Parallel
Won Election of 1844 over Clay by promising to acquire both Texas and Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided anti-slavery bias)
Picture/Polk

6. Treaty with Great Britain in 1846
MANIFEST DESTINY
Oregon dispute
Treaty with Great Britain in 1846
Compromised with British and divided the Oregon Country at the 49th parallel

7. TRAILS WESTWARD
Trails

8. CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

9. Mexican War MEXICAN WAR
Mexico severs diplomatic relations with US after Texas Annexation
President Polk sends Sidell to Mexico to offer to buy California and establish Texas boundary at Rio Grande River
Mexican government rejects offer
Polk moves troops into disputed territory
Fighting in that area April, 1846 (16 killed/wounded)-”American Blood on American Soil”
Americans victorious in subsequent war-Mexico City Captured-”Halls of Montezuma”
Effects
US receives Mexican Cession
Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War
MEXICAN WAR
Mexican War

10. MEXICAN WAR
Mexican War

11. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico ceded the Mexican Cession to U.S.
Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico
U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

12. Map expansion

13. Election of 1840 Map

15. End of Mexican War leads to development of “Free-Soil” Party
Free Soilers were only Anti-Slavery to the extent that it prevented opportunities for smaller white farmers
They want Mexican Cession and other unorganized territories to not have slavery and free land be given to white settlers
Picture/S.Douglas

16. Election of 1848 Lewis Cass-Democrat-Popular Sovereignty
Whigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No position
Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van Buren
Taylor narrowly defeats Cass
Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded by Vice-President Millard Fillmore

17. 1848 Election Map

18. Most intense debate in U.S. History
COMPROMISE OF 1850
Most intense debate in U.S. History
John C. Calhoun
North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
South wanted California
threatened to secede from U.S.
U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South
Daniel Webster
Secession is impractical & impossible
How would we split the land?
The military?
Compromise at all cost
Preserve the Union
Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose the Compromise of 1850
Comp of 1850

19. STEPHEN DOUGLAS
Solve the slavery issue was through Popular SovereigntyU.S. Senator from the state of Illinois
let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not.
Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850
Calif. A free state
enforce Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty
stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.
Picture/S.Douglas

20. Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.
Map Comp of 1850

21. Election of 1852
Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners b/c he is a strong supporter of the Fugitive Slave Law
Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong position on slavery
Pierce wins convincingly

22. Election of 1852 Map

23. KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT
Build a transcontinental RR connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North
Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North (with hub in Chicago) and had to convince the South to allow that.
Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.
Popular Sovereignty
Kan. & Neb Act

24. Map Bleeding Kan
BLEEDING KANSAS
Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.
First violent outbreaks between north/south.
Many feel that first battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856.
Over 200 killed
(Led by John Brown)
Attacks by free-state supporters
Attacks by pro-slavery state supporters

25. Election of 1856
Republican Party formed in response to Bleeding Kansas (members of the Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig parties that object to slavery on moral grounds)
First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Law

26. Election of 1856 Republican nominee (John C. Fremont)
Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Immigration Platform (former President Millard Fillmore
Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Douglas not nominated because of negative association with Kansas-Nebraska Act

27. Election of 1856
Democrat Buchanan victorious, mostly because neither of the other two parties had a national following

28. Election of 1856 Map

29. Competing governments formed in Kansas
BLEEDING KANSAS
Competing governments formed in Kansas
Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State
Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins)
Bleeding Kan

30. Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.
Map Kan/Neb Act

31. REPUBLICAN PARTY Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery
First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Law
REPUBLICAN PARTY
Democrats opposed the expansion of slavery
United against the extension of slavery into the territories
Whigs
Know Nothing Party
against immigration
Chart/Rep. Party

32. Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.
His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.
He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.
Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue
Can a slave sue for his freedom?
Is a slave property?
Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred Scott

33. Southerners see this as their ideal!!!
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.
They are not citizens and have no legal rights under the Constitution.
Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new territory
Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional
Southerners see this as their ideal!!! .
Chart/Effect of Scott

34. Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas Involved in Bleeding Kansas
JOHN BROWN
Violent abolitionist
Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas
Involved in Bleeding Kansas
Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.
Picture/J.Brown

35. JOHN BROWN
Attacked a U.S. Ammunition depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct. of 1859 to capture weapons and begin his slave revolt.
Picture/J.Brown

36. Put on trial for treason.
JOHN BROWN
Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee
Put on trial for treason.
Picture/J.Brown

37. Picture/J.Brown Hanging
JOHN BROWN
He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.
His last words were to this effect: “I believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the shedding of blood.”
Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.
Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging

39. Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.
LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES
Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.
The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the Presidency in 1860.
Slavery was the issue
Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other. (Published Nationwide)
was against the expansion of slavery
Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people.
Popular sovereignty
Chart/L&D Debates

40. LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES
Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine)
Southerners would therfore not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860
Picture/ L&D Debates

41. Reading/Lincoln on slavery

42. Election of 1860
Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Scott leads to split among Democrats
Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union Party
Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) to win Presidency

43. ELECTION OF 1860
Country is polarized (divided) over the issue of slavery.
Once Lincoln is elected as president, South Carolina will secede from the U.S. along with several other Southern States.
They will form the Confederate States of America---CSA
303 total electoral votes and 152 to win.
Election of 1860

46. Secession