1. 8.5

2. Took place between 1337 and 1453 mostly in France between England and France over control of France and the crown. Many social changes due to the war.

3. William the Conqueror and his descendants Edward III (England) claimed French throne in 1337. -legitimate claim from his mother, Elanor Both sides want to control the English Channel and trade in the region

4. Crecy (1346) Poitiers (1356) Agincourt (1415) What weapon helped the British win?

5. When the war started England had population of 2 million and France 14 million. Crecy (1346): major battle fought in France. English archers win. French army 3x size with knights/crossbows. Longbow slaughters French. 1/3 of French army dead. Importance: Chivalry losing power

7. E nglish archers again defeated a larger army F lanked French and captured their king “John the Good”. Held for ransom. B attle of Agincourt 1415: 6,000 vs. 20,000 F rench again lose to longbows M edieval knights lose more power

9. Usually around 6 feet long, hard to shoot. Training required, French didn’t want to train peasants, English did but were scared. Distance from 180-250 yards 12 arrows a minute Seen as end to chivalry

10. The Dauphin (uncrowned king of France) Who comes to the aid of Charles?

11. Joan of Arc leads French army to victory in several battles. Joan captured by Burgundians and executed by English. Last few battles of war won by French cannon breaking up English archers. England only holds Calais in 1453! Impact? New methods of war, social changes in chivalry etc. Battles between English nobility and kings over control and money!

13. Division within the Roman Catholic Church 1309 Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon. -lavish, expensive court 1378 – rivals to the Avignon Pope choose Pope to rule in Rome. 2 Popes!

14. Germany, 1417 Pope Martin V moved Papal court back to Rome for good.

15. Church power is weakened Exhibits further decline What begins to happen? Wycliffe – claimed Bible was source of truth, not the Church! Hus and the Hussites(burned at the stake)