1. World War I The first total war

2. Militarism The policy of glorifying the military and keeping an army prepared for war In order to be great, must have a powerful military that can mobilize quickly

3. Alliances Growing rivalries caused countries to find alliances to keep the peace Triple Alliance Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente Great Britain, France, and Russia

4. Imperialism When a stronger country dominates a weaker country politically, economically, or socially Countries competed for colonies so mistrust and sense of rivalry grew

5. Nationalism Deep devotion to one’s nation or country Can be a unifying force for a country (ex: Sept. 11 th ) or can cause intense competition between nations as they seek to overpower each other

6. Shot Rings Throughout Europe Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

7. Top 10 Weapons 1. Bayonets 2. Flamethrowers 3. Grenades 4. Machine guns 5. Pistols 6. Poison Gas 7. Rifles 8. Mortars 9. Airplane 10. Submarine (U- boats)

9. Trench warfare

11. Life in the trenches Millions of rats! (~900 offspring a year) Brown rats ate human remains Grew to the size of cats Lice Leads to trench fever Trench foot (fungal infection) Cold, wet, blood, urine, vomit, feces Smell Rotting bodies, gas, feet, etc. “No man’s land”

12. Trench foot

13. Effects of WW1 ALLIES WIN!!! Every continent but Antarctica involved “Total War” 8.5 million deaths (+21 million wounded) $338 billion Women Factories, offices, shops, hospitals, etc.

14. Versailles Meeting Big Four Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (GB), and Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Fourteen Points- Proposed by Wilson Outlined a plan for peace Ended secret treaties, Allowed Free trade, Limited Military Buildup League of Nations- organization that would promote peace and solve global conflicts

15. Treaty of Versailles Punished Germany entirely for the war They lost a lot of colonies Restrictions on military strength Pay reparations to other countries ($33 billion) DIRECTLY LEADS TO WORLD WAR II