1. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Chapter 29 Physique, Performance, and Physical Activity

2. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Physiques of Champion Athletes Gender –Fat-free to fat ratio –World records Geographic region Racial differences

3. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Percent Body Fat of Elite Athletes By category Field event athletes –Larger mass than other athletes Female endurance athletes –Body fat equaled nonactive males Male endurance athletes –Extremely low body fat

4. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition

5. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Percent Body Fat of Elite Athletes Triathletes –Body fat and aerobic capacity similar to other endurance athletes Swimmers versus runners –Swimmers generally have higher percent body fat

6. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition American Football Players

7. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition American Football Players Modern professionals and college players maintain similar body size and composition Modern professionals higher in body fat, height, body mass than players in the ‘40s Trend at all levels of increasing BMI posing health risks

8. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition

9. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Percent Body Fat of Elite Athletes High school wrestlers –Established body-fat percent weight standards –Established urine-specific gravity for euhydration

10. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Percent Body Fat of Elite Athletes Male weight lifters and bodybuilders –Body fat averages less than 10% –Body builders are larger in girth measurements Shoulder Chest Biceps and forearms Female weight lifters and bodybuilders –Average about 13% body fat –Large FFM:FM of 7:1

11. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.McArdle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition Upper Limit for Fat-Free Body Mass Theoretical limits for elite athletes –FFM of 125.4 Kg –Data may peak as pro football players increase in size.