1. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
The New England colonies were founded by political and religious reformers and developed around tightly knit towns and villages.

2. Massachusetts (Plymouth)
The migration to Plymouth in 1620 was led by a religious group known as the Pilgrims. Their leader was a man named William Bradford.
They came to the New World looking to practice their religion freely (REPS).

3. Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay)
In 1630 about 1000 Puritans arrived at the colony. John Winthrop was elected governor (govt).
Winthrop decided that all church members could vote (govt).
The elected officials became part of an assembly called the General Court (govt).
The colony prospered. Many new settlers came to the colony and settled in what is now Boston.
The economy of this colony was based on fishing, livestock

4. Rhode Island
Roger Williams was a young minister who challenged the Puritans.
He believed that the church and the government should be separate (gov)
He believed that people shouldn’t be forced to go to church( REPS).
The General Court ordered him to leave Massachusetts.
In 1647 Roger Williams, with a woman who had also been kicked out of Massachusetts named Anne Hutchinson, started a new colony became known as Rhode Island.
He allowed people of all religions to worship freely(govt).
The government was an elected assembly of citizens.

5. Rhode Island (Anne Hutchinson)
Among those who fled to Rhode Island was Anne Hutchinson.
Hutchinson attended church and held gatherings at her home after church to discuss the sermons.
She often questioned the Puritan teachings and persuaded many people to question them too.
The Puritan leaders grew angry. They brought her to trial.
During her trial, she told the court that God spoke to her spirit.
The leaders were shocked! God speaking to a woman??!
The court ordered her to leave the colony. She fled for Rhode Island.
For many later Americans, Hutchinson became a symbol for religious freedom.

6. Connecticut
Thomas Hooker – reverend and leader of a group of Boston Puritans that migrated to Hartford, Connecticut; gave a sermon in 1638 that influenced the writing of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (the first written constitution in America and included individual rights); believed in democratic ideas such as elections conducted by the people, people have the power to limit the power of the government, the government operates with the consent of the governed.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – first written constitution in the colonies. This document stated that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave it credence.

7. The Middle Colonies

8. The Dutch set up a colony called New Netherland.
However, England was jealous (REPS) at the Dutch’s success, so they sent a fleet of warships to capture the colony in 1664.
The unpopular Dutch governor surrendered without a fight.
England took over the colony of New Netherland.
King Charles II of England gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.
The Duke renamed the colony New York!
People in New York were typically farmers and fishermen (econ).

9. Pennsylvania William Penn The Quakers
West of New Jersey, William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in Penn was a friend of the King of England and a Quaker.
The Quakers
Penn founded Pennsylvania for the Quakers to practice their religion freely (REPS).
Quakers believed that all people were equal (govt) in God’s sight.
They allowed women to preach in public and refused to bow down to nobles.
Most people thought the Quakers were wicked. They were fined and arrested for their actions.
The economy of Pennsylvania was prosperous. Settlers here were farmers, merchants, and tradesmen (econ).

10. Pennsylvania & Delaware
A Policy of Fairness
Penn wanted his colony to be an example of religious freedom, peace, and fair living (GOVT).
People of many different religions came to Pennsylvania to live.
Penn was also an advocate for the rights of Native Americans.
He believed their lands were being taken unjustly.
The Colony Grows
Because Penn advertised his colony in Europe, many new arrivals settled in Pennsylvania.
Penn planned a great capital city along the Delaware River. It became the city of Philadelphia.
Delaware- Penn allowed the lower part of his colony separate in 1704.
Delaware is a part of Pennsylvania

11. The Southern Colonies

12. Virginia
The colony of Virginia was the first permanent English colony in the New World.
Jamestown, VA was settled in 1607 by English settlers for the purpose of claiming land and making money for England.
The economy of Virginia was based upon tobacco farming.
Virginia House of Burgesses was a Representative Assembly

13. Maryland
Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a colony for Catholics (REPS).
He named the colony Maryland in honor of the King’s wife.
Settling the Colony
In 1634, about 200 colonists landed in Chesapeake Bay.
It was truly a land of plenty, full of fish oysters, and crabs.
Maryland’s colonists hoped to plant tobacco.
Government
Lord Baltimore set up an elected assembly (govt).
He offered generous land grants to anyone who brought over servants, women, and children.
Act of Toleration – religious freedom (govt)

14. Georgia
The last of the Southern Colonies was carved out of the southern part of S. Carolina.
James Oglethorpe founded the colony in 1732.
He wanted the colony to be a place where debtors, or people who owed money, could make a fresh start (REPS).
Under English law, debtors could be imprisoned until they paid up.
Oglethorpe paid their way to the colony and offered them land.
Georgia also served as a barrier between Spanish Florida and the other English colonies
The economy of Georgia was based upon farming and trade.