1. Unit # 4: The Founding Period Part 2 Ms. Jennifer L. Blank 10t th Grade Global Studies

2. SPECIAL NOTE: THIS POWER POINT DOES NOT CONTAIN EVERYTHING … MANY CONTENT ITEMS WILL BE DISCUSSED IN CLASS!

3. Constitution and New Republic, 1776-1800

4. Introduction to the Constitution: Not the 1 st form of US govt. What was that? Watch the Knowmia lesson to find out! Not easily adopted (ratified) Need to understand historical timeline to understand the Constitution This was a brand new form of govt. – “a great experiment for the world” Alexis de Tocqueville

5. A of C: 1781 - 1787 One branch (legislative) States had ability to ignore national directives National directives = directions from the national government Could not levy taxes Levy means assign or charge Could not raise or maintain an army Could not coin money Nat. govt. could not pay war debt Nat. govt. could not protect the new nation from foreign powers Nat. govt. could not enforce laws

6. I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE THINKING … MS. BLANK THERE IS SO MUCH ON THAT SLIDE!! WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO PUT ON MY NOTECARD??!!??

7. Note Cards: Remember, you do not want to write EVERYTHING down because you will not be able to remember all of it Try combine the basic idea of what you are studying into a few concepts Example: Articles of Confederation Date or Date Range 1781 - 1787 Basic Description Confederal government No strong national government States could ignore directions from national government Historical Significance 1 st form of government in the U.S. Could not effectively govern the nation Created the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

8. Introduction to the Constitution: Complex structure Advocated limited govt. Based on a Federalist system (Federalism) Division of power between a national govt. and several state govts. We were the 1 st nation to ever try this Founders did not trust common people to make intelligent decisions Feared tyranny of the majority Masses were uneducated and unprepared for the responsibilities of governing

9. Constitution 3 branches Separation of Powers Checks & Balances Federalism Each wing of chart supports & influences the others – they are all connected! Start here! Breakdown of Constitution Chart:

10. Constitution 3 branchesLegislativeExecutiveJudiciary Separation of Powers Checks & Balances FederalismFederalists Anti- Federalists Each wing of chart supports & influences the others – they are all connected! Start here! Breakdown of Constitution Chart:

11. Constitution 3 branches Separation of Powers Each branch has separate & distinct powers Prevents concentration of power Checks & Balances Each branch checks the powers of the others Each branch can overrule the others in some way Federalism Breakdown of Constitution Chart: Each wing of chart supports & influences the others – they are all connected! Start here!

12. Legislative Branch Makes laws Bi-cameral Congress Power of the purse: Taxing & Spending Executive Branch Enforces lawsPresident Power of the sword: Military Judicial Branch Judges constitutionality of laws Supreme Court Power of Judicial Review: Can declare laws unconstitutional 3 Branches & Separation of Powers: As we will learn later, some of these power intersect or are concurrent

13. Federalists vs. Anti-federalists: Federalists Hamilton, Washington, Adams Strong central govt. A of C = bad times Feared the common man making national decisions No Bill of Rights needed Anti-federalists Jefferson, Madison, Henry Limited power to central govt. A of C = good times if tweaked Had faith in the common man to make good decisions Bill of Rights needed

14. The Federalist Papers: Basic Description A series of 85 essays describing the new government and explaining why it was the way to go Authors John Jay Alexander Hamilton James Madison (Father of the Constitution) Date 1787 - 1788 Historical Significance: Successfully convinced people to ratify the Constitution Serves as a guide to the intent of the Founders when courts interpret the Constitution

15. Federalist # 10: What problem was Madison trying to solve? Why did he think that the problem was so important? Why was he trying to solve it? What solutions did he propose to solve it? Do you think those solutions work? Why or why not? Do you think this document still has meaning today? In other words, can we practically apply Madison’s suggestions in today’s society and does the problem he identifies still exist?

16. Bill of Rights: 1 st 10 amendments to the Constitution Anti-federalists would NOT ratify without it We should all thank the Anti-Federalists for this! Amendments 1-9 dealt with basic rights Amendment 10 dealt with states’ rights Welcome to sectionalism!!

17. Sectionalism: Key problem from the start of our country States’ Rights vs. Federal Authority Still a topic of intense debate to this day! Major cause of the Civil War

18. END OF PART 2