1. Childhood Diseases

2. Bacteria Small in size, no nucleus or membranous organelles Cell wall
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Vibrios
Gram-positive
Gram-negative

3. Pertussis AKA: Whooping cough or 100 day cough Bordetella pertussis
Was one of the most common childhood diseases and major cause of childhood mortality

4. Pertussis Starts out like a cold But cough becomes more severe
Cough characterized by high pitch whoop.
Child may turn cyanotic, cough more at night, or even vomit due to coughing attack.

7. Streptococcus Strep throat However: Sore throat for more than 1 week
Temperature >100.4
Pus on back of throat
Possible rash
However:
Most sore throats are not caused by bacteria

8. Antibiotics Target bacterial cell wall Target cell membrane
Inhibit protein synthesis targets in bacterial machinery
Interfere with bacterial metabolism, DNA, and RNA synthesis

9. Antibiotic Resistance
“One of the world’s most pressing public health problems.” (CDC, 2012)
What exactly is it?
Factors:
Parental pressure
Allergies
Farming
Time / money

10. “Friendly” Bacteria Most bacteria are non-pathogenic
Some bacteria are beneficial
Ex: Bacteria keeps yeast in check.
Antibiotics kill bacteria; yeast infection occurs
Yogurt
Probiotics/Prebiotics

11. Viruses

12. Viruses
Core genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a capsid

13. Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Polio = gray; Myelon = marrow of spinal cord; itis = inflammation
Highly contagious
May result in paralysis
Vaccine preventable

14. Polio Eradication Is it possible??
“Hopefully by 2015 no child in the world will be paralyzed by the disease and by 2018 Polio will be wiped out.” – Bill Gates, 09/28/2012
The current eradication program…

15. Rotavirus Most common cause of diarrhea in infants and children.
Highly contagious
Symptoms:
Severe diarrhea, vomiting; may lead to dehydration

16. Measles / Rubella Common childhood illness until vaccine. May be fatal
Characterized by fever and rash
Highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

17. Mumps Highly contagious, spread by respiratory droplets.
Symptoms: malaise, headache, low-grade fever, parotitis (enlarged salivary glands)

18. Chicken Pox / Shingles Varicella zoster virus Herpes zoster virus
Characterized by rash, fever, malaise.
Contagious, spread by respiratory droplets

19. Vaccines Active immunity Passive immunity Acquired immunity
Dead or deactivated dose of bacteria or virus injected
Passive immunity
Preformed antibodies from immune serum of animal injected.
Acquired immunity
Immune system fights live bacteria or virus

21. Vaccines….
A loaded topic
What’s the truth?

23. Other…
Ear ache
Head lice
Bed bug / Dust mite
Cough
Stomach ache

24. EV-D68 AKA: Enterovirus-D68 Children with asthma at higher risk
549 cases in 43 states as of Oct 6, 2014
Children with asthma at higher risk
No specific treatment / cure
Question of paralysis side effect
(CDC, 2014)