1. 2 cos ( ) θ 2 200 lbs 0° 100 lbs 200 lbs 90° 141 lbs 200 lbs 120° 200 lbs 200 lbs 45° 108 lbs 150° 200 lbs 386 lbs t = L L = load suspended from the anchors θ = enclosed angle between the anchors t = tension on each leg (and each anchor) Force = 282 lbs 100 lbs 108 lbs 141 lbs 200 lbs 386 lbs 170° 200 lbs 1147 lbs Force = 216 lbs Force = 400 lbs Force = 772 lbs Force = 2294 lbs Force = 200 lbs

2. Kilonewton (kN) Pounds/Force (lbf) 1 kN = 224.8 lbf kN lbf 1 225 2 450 3 674 4 899 51124 61349 71574 81798 92023 102248 112473 122698 153372 204496 255620 306744 357868 408992 45 10,116 50 11,240 55 12,364 60 13,488 65 14,612 70 15,736 Military steel oval carabiner….……….… 9kN 6mm accessory cord (loop strength).… 10kN Commercial climbing harness.…….….. 15kN 1-in tubular webbing (loop strength)….. 18kN Aluminum oval carabiner…………….… 18kN 8mm accessory cord (loop strength)…. 19kN Military 7/16-in. nylon climbing rope….. 20kN Aluminum D-shaped carabiner………... 24kN 11mm dynamic climbing rope…………. 24kN 11.6mm low-stretch (static) rope…..….. 29kN Military steel locking-D carabiner……… 53kN

3. Comparative strength of rope and webbing as used in anchor systems. All strength values shown in Kilo-Newtons (kN). Unknotted Knotted Loop Double Loop* 6mm Accessory Cord 7.5 5.210.5 21.0 7mm Accessory Cord 11.0 7.715.4 30.8 8mm Accessory Cord 14.0 9.819.6 39.2 5.5mm Spectra Cord 14.0 9.819.6 39.2 1-in. Tubular Mil Spec Webbing 18.0 9.018.0 36.0 1-in. Tubular Climb Spec Webbing 19.0 9.519.0 38.0 Military 7/16-in. Laid Dynamic Climbing Rope 20.0 14.028.0 56.0 11mm Kernmantle Dynamic Climbing Rope 24.0 16.833.6 67.2 11.6mm Kernmantle Low-stretch Rappelling Rope 29.0 20.340.6 81.2 Sewn Spectra or Dyneema Runner (14 –16mm) -- --27.0 54.0 Enclosed Angle / Load Factor Strength of Webbing Installations Using 1-in. Tubular Mil Spec Nylon Webbing < 45° 1.00 Wrap 3 – Pull 2 42 or more depending on anchor diameter and friction 45 °.92 Girth Hitch 18 to 24 depending on knot location and friction 60 °.86 Wrap 18 × (load factor of enclosed angle) 90 °.71 Drape 36 × (load factor of enclosed angle) 120 °.50 150 °.26 170 °.09 Conversion Factors 180 °.00 Weight: 1KG = 2.20 lbs1 oz. = 28.3 grams Length: 1M = 39.4 inches1 inch = 2.54cm Force: 1kN = 225 lbf