1. Lecture 24 Inversion Objectives: 1. Types of Inversion
2. Full Inversion
3. Partial Inversion

2. Lecture24 Inversion 1. Types of Inversion
As we know, In English, subject preceding predicate is the set order, but in some sentences, predicate is fronted the subject for the need of emphasis or grammar or sentence structure. This inverted word order is called Inversion.

3. Lecture 25 Inversion I. Types of Inversion : 1) Full Inversion
2) Partial Inversion

4. I. Types of Inversion
1) Full Inversion means: The reversal of the subject and the whole predicator.
--At the top of the hill stands a weather station.
-- By his side sat his faithful dog.
--First came the teachers.
--Here he comes.

5. I. Types of Inversion
2) Partial Inversion: Reversal of the subject and the operator only．Operators are auxiliaries (do/does/did; have/ has) modals or be-liking verbs.
Never shall I forget the day.
Only in this way can you succeed.

6. 2. Full Inversion
1) when the fronted adverbial is a locative(方位词) and the predicator is a verb of motion.
Locative words: there, here, thus, now, then, hence
Verbs of motion (in simple present and simple past): stand, be, come, go, lie, exist, remain, follow

7. 2. Full Inversion --There goes the bell. --Now comes your turn.
--Then follow another three years of hard work.
--Then came the hour we had been looking forward to .

8. 2. Full Inversion
Note: 1)　If the subject is a pronoun, 　　　　 Inversion is not required.
--Then they came.
--There he comes.

9. 2. Full Inversion Note: 2) “There be” construction is a Full Version.
Some other intransitive verbs such as
exist, remain, happen, occur, arise, stand, lie, live can be used in such existential clause

10. 2. Full Inversion Note: 2) “There be” construction is a Full Version.
--There remains nothing to be done.
-- Here have been many such incidents.
--There used to be a hospital.

11. 2. Full Inversion ___ a certain doubt among the students
as to the necessity of the work.
A. It exists B. There exists
C. There had D. It had
Answer: B.
There ___ a hill in front of the village.
A. Lives B. be C. stands D. lies
Answer: C

12. 2. Full Inversion
Note: 3) If the adverbial of place is placed initially in a sentence," there” can be omitted.
-- Behind the house (there) lies a river.
-- In front of the carriage (there) rode two men in uniform.

13. 2. Full Inversion
2) When the fronted adverbial is adv.( away, down, out, in , up)
and the verb of motion is used in simple past. The Full Inversion is needed.

14. 2. Full Inversion -- Away flew the birds.
-- Up went the rocket into the air.
-- Out rushed a cat from under the table
--The door opened and in came a young lady.

15. 2. Full Inversion
Note:
When the subject is a pronoun, inversion is not required.
-- Off ran the children to the school.
(孩子们跑向学校)
-- Off they ran to the school.

16. 2. Full Inversion Other types: --Thus ended the film
-- Such was my study plan
Far be it from me to condemn him

17. 3. Partial Inversion
1) Partial Inversion is possible when the adverbial of manner or frequency is fronted. (always, often, many a time, well)
Operators (auxi , modals, be-linking verb) should be put before the subject.

18. 3. Partial Inversion -- Often did I advise him not to smoke.
---- Many a time has he given me good advice.
-- Well do I remember the days we live together.

19. 3.Partial Inversion
2) Partial Inversion usu. takes place when the fronted adverbial comprises
a negative word or word with negative implication.
Such as:
never, seldom, little, rarely, hardly, no longer ,not until, in vain.

20. 3.Partial Inversion at no time In no case on no account
by no means
at no time
In no case
　 on no account
the correlative
not only…but also
neither…nor
Hardly…when
No sooner…than

21. 3.Partial Inversion --Not a word did he say.
--Ｎever have I seen him so angry.
--At no time will China be a superpower.
--Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly .

22. 3.Partial Inversion
--Scarcely had Professor Wang finished his report when stormy applause broke out.
--No longer are they staying with their parents.

23. 3.Partial Inversion --No sooner ___ than it began to rain..
A. did I reach home
B. I had reached home
C. Had I reached home
D. have I reached home.
Answer: C

24. 3.Partial Inversion --At no time___ in the meeting room.
A. smoking is permitted
B. does smoking permit
C. is smoking not permitted
D. is smoking permitted
Answer: D

25. 3.Partial Inversion
--Not until then/you talked with him did he realize the…of his mistake.
(He didn’t realize the seriousness of his mistake until you talked with him.)
It was not until you talked with him that he realized the seriousness of his mistake

26. 3.Partial Inversion 3) not only…but also, neither…nor
is initially fronted.
-- Not only did he teach English, but he taught art.
--Neither at the meeting nor after the meeting did they discuss the plan.

27. 3.Partial Inversion 4). Adverbial introduced by “only” is fronted.
Only+ adverbial of time
--Only later did he realize his mistake.
-- Only when you have finished reading the book can you answer the question.

28. 3.Partial Inversion 5) So (neither/nor) +( auxiliaries)+ subject
-- I could see that and so could George
-- If you didn’t go , neither will I.
-- A: I never lock the door at night
-- B: Neither do I

29. 3.Partial Inversion 5) So (neither/nor) +( auxiliaries)+ subject
--Do you know he has gone abroad?
--I don’t know,____
A. Nor do I care
B. Nor don’t I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also
Answer: A

30. 3.Partial Inversion 6)The subordinator so…that/such…that,
is initially placed in a sentence.
--So quickly did he dress that he put his boots on the wrong feet.
--Such was the earthquake that the city was destroyed.

31. 3.Partial Inversion
--So easy was the task that they finish it in a few days.
--So seriously was he injured that he was taken to a hospital at once.
--Such was his behavior that everyone disliked him.

32. 3.Partial Inversion You say he works hard, ___
A. so he does and so do you
B. so does he and so do you
C. so he does and so you do
C. He does so and you do so
Answer: A.

33. 3.Partial Inversion
7) In if-conditional clause, “if” is omitted, were, had, should, could” can be put before the subject.
-- were I in your position, I would go
-- Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him money.
--Should you change your mind,
there will still be a chance open for you,

34. 3.Partial Inversion
8) Adverbial introduced by conj. “as/than” to balance the sentence, Partial Inversion is possible.
--John was exhausted, as were all others in the team.
--He enjoyed this novel as did most of his friends.

35. 3.Partial Inversion
9) Adverbial of concession introduced can be introduced by “as”(=although/though)
(1) (adj/-ed+ subject) In SVC
-- Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.
--- Cold as it was, they want on working
Badly wounded as he was, he remained
quite optimistic
(虽然伤得很重,他仍很乐观.)

36. 3.Partial Inversion (2) Adverbial +as + subject +v.
Hard as he studies, he often fails in the exam.
Fast as you ran, you can’t get there before 5 o’clock

37. 3.Partial Inversion (3) (V+ (object)+ as+ subject + auxiliary modals)
-- Search as they would, they would find nobody
in the house .
--Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge
his great success.
--Lose money as I did ,I got a lot of experience.

38. 3.Partial Inversion 10) Fronted complement and adverbial clause,
reversal of the subject and predicate
for textual cohesion.
--Ｂe it ever so late, I must do another experiment
- -Lying there was a boy aged about seven.
-- Sweet was the dusk.
--Written on the label is the model of the machine.

39. 3.Partial Inversion
--I saw many people in the room. among them were Tom, John and Mary.
--In the middle of the room was a table ,behind it stood a screen of a light blue color.

40. 11) In adverbial of concession.
3.Partial Inversion
11) In adverbial of concession.
--Do what you would, you should think twice.
--Cost what it may, I will stick it out.
--Say what you will, I won’t change my mind.

41. 3.Partial Inversion 12) Object is fronted initially for emphasis
--Not a word did he say.
--Still great contributions should we make to our socialist construction.
--The past one can know, but the future one can only feel.

42. Inversion 1)________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
Exercises
1)________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
(CET-b4 2006, 6)
A) As he likes her much
B) Although much he likes her
C) Much as he likes her
D) Much although he likes her
2) _______ she realized it was too late to go home,
(CET-b4 2006, 1, 61)
A) No sooner it grew dark than
B) Hardly did it grow dark that
C) Scarcely had it grown dark than
D) It was not until dark that

43. but ______ had it acted responsibly. (CET-b4 2006, 1, 33)
3) The organization had broken no rules,
but ______ had it acted responsibly. (CET-b4 2006, 1, 33)
A. neither B) so C) either D) both
4) I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, _______
(CET-b4 1996, 6,46)
A) however much it costs
B) however does it costs much
C) how much does it cost
D) no matter how it costs

44. 5) ________ before we depart the day after tomorrow,
we should have a wonderful dinner party.
(CET-b4 1997, 1, 34)
A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive
C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive
6) ________ he needed money for a new car,
he decided not to borrow it from the bank.
(TEM-b4 1998, 48)
A. Much as B. Much though
C. As much D. though much

45. 7) _____, he always tries his best to complete it on time.
(TEM-b4 1999, 51)
A. However that task is hard
B. However hard the task is
C. Though hard the task is
D. Though hard is the task
8) Much as ______ I couldn’t lend him the money
because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.
(TEM-b4 1999, 52)
A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have
C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to

46. 9) Fool ___ Jane is she could not have done such a thing.
(2001,48)
A. who B. as C. that D. like
10)Not until the game had begun____ at the sports ground.
(CET-b4 2006, 6)
A) should he have arrived
B) had he arrived
C) did he arrive
D) would he have arrived
Answer:1-5CDAAD ABABC