1. BRITISH SPORTS TRADITIONS

2. EUROPEAN SETTLERS BROUGHT TO NORTH AMERICA MANY OF THEIR CULTURAL TRADITIONS REGARDING SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES EUROPEAN SETTLERS BROUGHT TO NORTH AMERICA MANY OF THEIR CULTURAL TRADITIONS REGARDING SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PREINDUSTRIAL BRITAIN AND WESTERN EUROPE SPORTS ALSO TOOK PLACE IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS CELEBRATIONS IN PREINDUSTRIAL BRITAIN AND WESTERN EUROPE SPORTS ALSO TOOK PLACE IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS CELEBRATIONS MOST OF THESE SPORTING ACTIVITIES TOOK PLACE WITHIN THE BOUNDAIRES OF VILLAGES, PARISHES AND TOWNS IN CONNECTION WITH SUNDAY-RECREATIONAL GAMES AND LEISURE MOST OF THESE SPORTING ACTIVITIES TOOK PLACE WITHIN THE BOUNDAIRES OF VILLAGES, PARISHES AND TOWNS IN CONNECTION WITH SUNDAY-RECREATIONAL GAMES AND LEISURE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IN EUROPE GENERATED A NEGATIVE REACTION TOWARDS THE CELEBRATION OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES IN THE SABBATH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IN EUROPE GENERATED A NEGATIVE REACTION TOWARDS THE CELEBRATION OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES IN THE SABBATH

3. LOCAL TRADITIONS HORSE RACING HORSE RACING COCKFIGHTING COCKFIGHTING HUNTING HUNTING WRESTLING WRESTLING CRICKET CRICKET FOOTBALL FOOTBALL MAIN CHARACTERISTICS: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS: WITHIN PARISH BOUNDARIES, TIED TO RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES. WITHIN PARISH BOUNDARIES, TIED TO RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES. REFLECTED PATRIARCHAL AND CLASS HIERARCHIES REFLECTED PATRIARCHAL AND CLASS HIERARCHIES EXTENSION/VARIATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AS GAMES EXTENSION/VARIATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES PERFORMED AS GAMES USED TO DEFINE MASCULINITY & BOUNDARIES IN THE VILLAGE USED TO DEFINE MASCULINITY & BOUNDARIES IN THE VILLAGE

4. SABBATH AND SPORTS PROTESTANT REFORMATION PROHIBITED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES PROTESTANT REFORMATION PROHIBITED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES BOOK OF SPORTS 1618 KING JAMES IS CONSIDERED AN OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS BOOK OF SPORTS 1618 KING JAMES IS CONSIDERED AN OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS 1618 BOOK OF SPORTS REPRESENTS A MODERATE AFFIRMATION OF SUNDAY SPORTS 1618 BOOK OF SPORTS REPRESENTS A MODERATE AFFIRMATION OF SUNDAY SPORTS SPORTS LEGAL ON SUNDAYS AND CHRISTIAN FESTIVITIES SPORTS LEGAL ON SUNDAYS AND CHRISTIAN FESTIVITIES 1649 PROTESTANT REVOLUTION, KING CHARLES I EXECUTED, SABBATH LAWS 1649 PROTESTANT REVOLUTION, KING CHARLES I EXECUTED, SABBATH LAWS SABBATH TO TAKE PLACE WITHOUT PROFANE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES SABBATH TO TAKE PLACE WITHOUT PROFANE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

5. SPORTS SECULARIZATION THE CONTROVERSIES REGARDING SPORTING ACTIVITIES IN THE SABBATH IN THE 17 TH CENTURY GENERATED AN OPPORTUNITY IN URBAN AREAS TO ORGANIZE SPORTS AND PHYSICAL COMPETITIONS UNDER COMPLETELY SECULAR BASIS, NOT ANYMORE UNDER RELIGIOUS SUPERVISION OR AS AN ATTACHMENT TO A RELIGIOUS FESTIVITY THE CONTROVERSIES REGARDING SPORTING ACTIVITIES IN THE SABBATH IN THE 17 TH CENTURY GENERATED AN OPPORTUNITY IN URBAN AREAS TO ORGANIZE SPORTS AND PHYSICAL COMPETITIONS UNDER COMPLETELY SECULAR BASIS, NOT ANYMORE UNDER RELIGIOUS SUPERVISION OR AS AN ATTACHMENT TO A RELIGIOUS FESTIVITY LOCAL URBAN ENTREPRENEURS DEVELOPED DIFFERENT EVENTS FEATURING PHYSICAL COMPETITIONS AND GAMES WITH A NEW VISION. LOCAL URBAN ENTREPRENEURS DEVELOPED DIFFERENT EVENTS FEATURING PHYSICAL COMPETITIONS AND GAMES WITH A NEW VISION.

6. SPORTS SECULARIZATION URBAN AREAS IN ENGLAND AND WESTERN EUROPE DEVELOPED SPORTING ACTIVITES AS FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR COMMERCIAL PROFIT IN THE LATE 17 TH AND 18 TH CENTURIES. URBAN AREAS IN ENGLAND AND WESTERN EUROPE DEVELOPED SPORTING ACTIVITES AS FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR COMMERCIAL PROFIT IN THE LATE 17 TH AND 18 TH CENTURIES. THE PURPOSE OF THESE NEW ACTIVITIES WAS TO PROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN ENTREPRENEURS THE PURPOSE OF THESE NEW ACTIVITIES WAS TO PROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN ENTREPRENEURS THESE NEW MENTALITY GENERATED A COMPLETELY NEW WAY OF ORGANIZING SPORTS THESE NEW MENTALITY GENERATED A COMPLETELY NEW WAY OF ORGANIZING SPORTS

7. SPORTS IN 18 TH CENTURY GREAT BRITAIN HORSE RACING ON CIRCULAR TRACKS HORSE RACING ON CIRCULAR TRACKS COCKFIGHTING COCKFIGHTING BOXING BOXING URBAN CENTERS, SEMIPROFESSIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETITORS URBAN CENTERS, SEMIPROFESSIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETITORS COMMERCIAL PURPOSE COMMERCIAL PURPOSE SPECIALIZED SPECTATORS SPECIALIZED SPECTATORS URBAN INNS AND TAVERNS CENTER OF ACTIVITIES URBAN INNS AND TAVERNS CENTER OF ACTIVITIES

8. BOXING: “THE NATIONAL SPORT OF ENGLAND” BOXING IS THE CLASSIC EXAMPLE OF THE PROCESS OF SECULARIZATION OF SPORTS IN EUROPE BOXING IS THE CLASSIC EXAMPLE OF THE PROCESS OF SECULARIZATION OF SPORTS IN EUROPE BOXING MATCHES WERE ORGANIZED IN TAVERNS AND BARS BY THE OWNER OF THE ESTABLISHMENT WITH THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING SALES AND GENERATE ADDITIONAL INCOME. THESE TAVERN OWNERS FUNCTIONED AS FIGHT PROMOTERS BOXING MATCHES WERE ORGANIZED IN TAVERNS AND BARS BY THE OWNER OF THE ESTABLISHMENT WITH THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING SALES AND GENERATE ADDITIONAL INCOME. THESE TAVERN OWNERS FUNCTIONED AS FIGHT PROMOTERS THE BROUGHTON RULES WERE THE FIRST SET OF REGULATIONS FOR PRIZEFIGHTING IN THE 18 TH CENTURY, DRAFTED BY J.BROUGHTON, A BOXER, BAR OWNER AND PROMOTER IN LONDON. THE BROUGHTON RULES WERE THE FIRST SET OF REGULATIONS FOR PRIZEFIGHTING IN THE 18 TH CENTURY, DRAFTED BY J.BROUGHTON, A BOXER, BAR OWNER AND PROMOTER IN LONDON. BOXING, FAIR COMPETITION, TECHNIQUE, STRATEGY, RULES BOXING, FAIR COMPETITION, TECHNIQUE, STRATEGY, RULES GAMBLING, DRINKING, PARTIES GAMBLING, DRINKING, PARTIES TAVERN OWNERS, FIGHT PROMOTERS TAVERN OWNERS, FIGHT PROMOTERS

9. SPORTS 18 TH CENTURY BRITAIN SECULAR SPORTING ACTIVITIES FLOURISHED IN ENGLAND AND OTHER AREAS IN EUROPE IN RESPONSE TO THE URBANIZATION PROCESS AND THE CHURCH’S REFUSAL TO ORGANIZE SPORTS ACTIVITIES SECULAR SPORTING ACTIVITIES FLOURISHED IN ENGLAND AND OTHER AREAS IN EUROPE IN RESPONSE TO THE URBANIZATION PROCESS AND THE CHURCH’S REFUSAL TO ORGANIZE SPORTS ACTIVITIES THE SECULARIZATION OF SPORTS ONLY ACCELERATED WITH THE FORMATION OF SPECIFIC RULES FOR BOXING, HORSE RACES AND OTHER ACTIVITIES THE SECULARIZATION OF SPORTS ONLY ACCELERATED WITH THE FORMATION OF SPECIFIC RULES FOR BOXING, HORSE RACES AND OTHER ACTIVITIES SPORTS FOR ENTERTAINMENT, NON RELIGIOUS PURPOSES SPORTS FOR ENTERTAINMENT, NON RELIGIOUS PURPOSES SPORTS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES FOUND IN BOXING AND HORSE RACES IDEAL VENUES TO GENERATE REVENUE IN THE CITIES. SPORTS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES FOUND IN BOXING AND HORSE RACES IDEAL VENUES TO GENERATE REVENUE IN THE CITIES.