1. China’s Empire

2. Philosophy and Social Order Confucius Most influential scholar Lived during time when Zhou dynasty was in shambles Studied and taught history, music, and moral character Could restore social order, harmony, and good gov’t through 5 relationships Ruler and subject Father and son Husband and wife Older brother and younger brother Friend and friend

3. Children should practice filial piety Respect for their parents and elders Wanted to show rulers how rule effectively Confucius is appointed Minister of Justice After resignation, Confucius’ ideas were kept and studied in a book called the Analects

4. Confucian Idea About Gov’t Education could transform a humbly born person into a gentleman Laid ground work for a bureaucracy Trained civil service (people who run the gov’t) Confucianism is never a religion but an ethical system Becomes foundation for Chinese gov’t and social order

5. Daoists Seek Harmony Laozi is key figure Natural order was only thing important Universal force called the Dao (“the Way”) guides all things Beliefs turn into Daoism Search for knowledge and understanding of nature Led to people pursuing scientific studies such as alchemy, astronomy, and medicine

6. Legalists and Harsh Rule Believe that highly efficient and powerful gov’t was the key to restoring social order Gov’t should use the law to end civil disobedience and restore harmony Teach that a ruler should provide rich rewards for people who carried out their duties well Disobedient should be punished harshly Believed in controlling ideas as well as actions Encourage leaders to burn all material that might encourage people to think critically about gov’t

7. I Ching and Yin and Yang I Ching = book of oracles Answered ethical or practical problems Threw set of coins, interpreted the results, and then read the proper oracle Yin and Yang Created by ancient thinkers Two power that when put together represent the natural rhythms of life Yang = Masculine qualities in the universe Yin = Feminine qualities in the universe

8. The Qin Dynasty Short lived dynasty in 3 rd century B.C. 13 yr. old ruler who applied Legalist ideas Qin ruler assumes name Shi Huangdi or “First Emperor” Began rule by: Halting the internal battles that had taken China’s strength Defeating invaders and crushing internal resistance to his rule Attacked the invaders north of the Yellow River and south into Vietnam (doubled China’s size)

9. Acted to crush political opposition at home Commanded noble families to live in the capital city under close watch Killed many Confucian scholars Burned “useless” books Established an autocracy Government in which the ruler has unlimited power Built road network of 4,000 + miles Forced peasants to work against their will Created irrigation projects to increase farming Merchants become higher class

10. Great Wall of China Discourage invaders from attack Built by peasants “Work on the wall or die” Many worked and died anyway One of few human made objects that can be viewed from space

11. Goodbye Qin Dynasty Peasants rebelled 3 years after the second Qin emperor took office Leader from Han lands pushes army into capital city Qin Dynasty gives way to the Han Dynasty