1. An Empire Unifies China
Chapter 4 Section 4 p

2. Terms to Know: Confucius Filial Piety Bureaucracy Daoism Legalism
I Ching
Yin and Yang
Qin dynasty
Shi Huangdi
Autocracy

3. Philosophy and the Social Order
Traditional Chinese values were put aside during the “Warring States” period.
Chinese scholars offered solutions to China’s problems.

4. Confucius Urges Harmony
Born 551 B.C.
Lived during the warring states period
Taught history, music, and moral character

5. Confucius
Good government could be restored by five basic relationships:
1. Ruler and Subject
2. Father and Son
3. Husband and Wife
4. Older and Younger Siblings
5. Friend and Friend

6. Confucius

8. Filial Piety
Respect for parents and elders

9. “In serving his parents, a filial son renders utmost respect at home; he supports them with joy; he gives them tender care in sickness; he grieves at their death; he sacrifices to them with solemnity” Confucius

10. Confucian Ideas About Government
Believed education could transform a humbly born person into a gentleman
Created a bureaucracy, a trained civil service. (people who are paid to work for the government)

11. Confucius’s Four Virtues of a Gentleman
Courtesy
Precision
Generosity
Fairness

12. Daoists Seek Harmony Founded by Laozi (Lao-tzu)
Wrote Dao De Ching (The Way of Virtue)
Only the natural order is important
A universal force known as the Way guides all things
Look to nature to explain everything that happens in the world

13. Legalists Urge Harsh Rule
Believed that a highly efficient and powerful government was the key to maintaining order
Founded by Hanfeizi and Li Si.
Rulers should reward those who do their duties well.
Rulers should harshly punish any disobedience

14. “Anyone caught outside his own village without a travel permit should have his nose or ears chopped off” Li Si

15. I Ching A book of oracles
People threw a set of coins and then interpreted the result of the coin toss by reading the appropriate chapter.

16. Yin and Yang Represent the natural rhythms of life
Yang = Heaven, Male, Active
Yin = Earth, Female, Passive
Yin is represented by the the tiger and the color orange
Yang is represented by the dragon and the color blue

17. The Qin Dynasty A New Emperor Takes Control
Replaced the Zhou dynasty
A 13 year old Qin ruler replaced the Zhou dynasty
After 20 years, he took the name Shi Huangdi, which means “First Emperor”

18. Qin Shi Huangdi Stopped internal fighting in China Defeated invaders
Doubled China’s size
Unified China under one empire

19. Shi Huangdi Wanted to “strengthen the trunk and weaken the branches”
All noble families had to live in the capital city
Divided China into 36 administrative districts, he controlled them all

20. Shi Huangdi Had Confucian scholars buried alive Burned “useless” books
Established an autocracy – a government in which the ruler has unlimited power

21. A Program of Centralization
Built 4000 miles of highways
Forced peasants to work against their will
Set uniform standards for Chinese writing, law, currency, and weights and measures
Built irrigation projects
Increased farm production

22. Shi Huangdi
Made social advances, but high taxes and a repressive government resulted
He unified China at the expense of human freedom

23. Great Wall of China
Shi Huangdi closed the gaps in previous attempts at building a Great Wall of China
Laborers were forced to work on the wall or die

26. The Fall of Qin Shi Huangdi’s son was less able to rule
Peasants revolted against his rule and took over
One of their leaders was from the land of Han. His troops marched into the capital and established the Han dynasty in 202 B.C.

27. An Empire Unifies China 4 4
HOME 4
An Empire
Unifies China
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how the chaos of the warring states affected Chinese philosophy, politics, and the growth of cities.
Chaos of the warring states
Philosophy
Politics
Cities
Confucius, the Legalists, and Laozi offered solutions to the chaos.
Shi Huangdi took harsh steps to impose unity and stability.
People moved to them for protection.
continued . . .