1. 19.2 Geography of the North 4 seasons Harbors and forests in the north Valleys and fertile soil for farming in middle states Rocky soil in the far northern states. Bad for farming Some areas of deforestation

2. 19.3 Geography of the South Long, hot summers for a long growing season Varied climates and soil allow for a varied crops to be grown Farming was challenging in the Appalachian Mountains Harbors and bays along Atlantic coasts used for fishing and trading Exporting goods made easy with many rivers

3. 19.4 Economy of the South Based on agriculture Plantation farming of cotton, indigo, rice, tobacco, and sugar Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin More planters grew cotton Slavery increased as cotton growing expanded into western lands

4. 19.5 Economy of the North Industrial Revolutionary in 1700’s Lowell made textile machines, hired women Steam engines used to power factories everywhere Inventions and new manufacturing methods made goods easier and cheaper to produce More unskilled works resulted from inventions Reaper made grain farming very fast and easy John Deere invented new steel-tipped plow North was 10 times more profitable than the South

5. 19.6: Transportation in the North Internal improvements needed to transport goods from northern factories National Road built across Appalachian Mts. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat Erie Canal built that connected Hudson River to Midwest states 20,000 miles of railroad track in North…FAST!

6. 19.7 Transportation in the South Used rivers more than railroads to transport goods Cities developed along waterways Didn’t need roads and canals like the North Only had 10,000 miles or track

7. 19.8: Society in the South Classist society based on land and slave ownership 3 tiered society – Rich, white plantation owners (25%) – White farmers and workers (75%) – Slaves (supported economy)

8. 19.9: Society in the North 70% lived in rural farms Cities like Chicago and Detroit grew Population boomed in North Blacks were free in the North, but not equal Irish and German immigrants helped North’s growing population (Boston, NYC and Philadelphia