1. Geography of the north in the 1800's?

2. Humid, warm summers, cold winters. Rocky soil, infertile land, rushing rivers, lots of bays and inlets, heavily forested.

3. Southern geography ?

4. Mild winters, long hot humid summers. Wide, slow moving rivers. Excellent broad plains to grow crops.

5. Economic base of the north in the 1800's?

6. Shipping, manufacturing of textiles, lumber, furs and mining.

7. Economic base of the south in the 1800's

8. Agriculture. Crops grown were cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo and sugar cane. The invention of the cotton gin increased the growing of cotton and slave labor.

9. The labor force in the north in the 1800's?

10. Free labor (free to choose your work and paid for work). Many immigrants worked in factories.

11. Labor force in the south in the 1800's?

12. Largely slave labor. 1/4 of the land was owned by wealthy plantation owner and 3/4 was worked by small yeomen farmers.

13. Population in the north in the 1800's?

14. Northern European immigrants: German and Irish. The overall population grew from 5 million to 31 million from 1800-1860.

15. What was the population in the south in the 1800's?

16. Europeans of English, Scottish descent and enslaved Africans and African Americans. In 1860 the population was 12 million in the South, 1/3 being slaves.

17. Characteristics of cities in the north in the 1800's?

18. The cities became manufacturing centers. They were crowded but offered art, theater, museums and libraries and education.

19. Characteristics of cities in the south in the 1800's?

20. Small towns, less cultured leisure. Few large cities along rivers.

21. Culture in the north in the 1800's?

22. Theater, arts, education, ( mostly for boys )churches, dancing, card playing and theater

23. Culture in the south in the 1800's?

24. Dancing, cards, fox hunting, horse racing. Wealthy educated through home schooling - mostly boys.

25. Transportation in the north in the 1800's?

26. Trains, canals, roads

27. Transportation in the south in the 1800's?

28. rivers, steamboats, fewer trains than north

29. How did the South become dependent upon slave labor ?

30. Labor intensive crops of rice, tobacco and cotton grew well on southern land; slavery protected in US Constitution and state Constitutions; rationalized as an economic necessity.