1. Differences between the North and South Notes

2. Information About the North

3. Lesson Outcome
By the end of this lesson SWBAT compare and Contrast the social , cultural, and geographic differences between the North and the South.

4. Power Point

5. Video Link

6. Video Link

7. The Underground Railroad: Life As Slave

8. North - Climate and Geography
Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters
Short growing season plus cold made farming difficult.
Clear, fast rivers
Coastline full of bays.
Cities develop near rivers and bays.
Cities develop as trading centers.
People begin to use waterpower to run factories.

9. Population
Huge population increase in the North between 1800 and 1860, mostly through immigration.
Irish, German, and other Europeans mostly settle in North.

10. Cities Cities develop in North as centers of trade.
Factories were set up making textiles (cloth goods)
Increase in factory work brought more people to live in the cities.
Cities were crowded and dirty.
Public education begun in cities for first time.
Cities became important centers of art, culture, and education. Many city newspapers begun.

11. Economy The economy of the North was based on manufacturing.
Manufacturing was done in the North’s factories.

12. Culture The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities.
Both religion and education were organized.
There were grammar (elementary) schools and churches in most towns.
Very few boys, and almost no girls went on the secondary school.
College was reserved for the wealthy.

13. Transportation Canals were mostly in the North.
The Erie Canal was a huge success.
Most of the railroads were in the North.
30,000 miles of track was laid by 1850.
Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow.

14. Information About the South
This starts a new section. Keep them separate.

15. Climate and Geography
Warm and sunny with long summers, mild winters. Lots of rain.
Climate ideal for agriculture.
Fertile soil ideal for growing crops.

16. Population
Population of the South made up of Europeans (mostly from England and Scotland) and enslaved Africans.
1/3 of the population were slaves.
Most southerners lived on small farms.
Only 1/4 of farmers owned slaves.
Large farms called plantations were owned by the wealthy few who owned most of the slaves.

19. Cities Most southerners lived on farms.
There were very few large cities.
Plantations were self-sufficient and became like small towns.

20. Economy The economy of the South was based on agriculture.
Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops.
Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin.
More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton.
Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

21. Culture The upper class was the plantation owners and their families.
Only children of plantation owners received any education.
Small farmers had little or no education.
The culture of the South revolved around plantation life.

22. Transportation The South was still dependant on the steamship.
Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

23. Differences Between the North and the South

24. Slavery The North The South The South supported slavery
Slavery was needed to support the agricultural economy
The North opposed slavery
Slavery was morally wrong

25. State’s Rights The North The South
The needs of the National Government overruled the needs of individual states
Breaking away from the U.S. was seen as an act of treason
The needs of the individual states should not be overruled by the national government
States had the right to break away from the U.S.

26. The Economy The North The South
Poor farmland and the abundance of mineral resources
Industry and factory work were the main source of income
Excellent farmland, few mineral resources, and abundant slave labor
Few factories, farming was the main source of income

27. Tariffs (Taxes on imported goods)
The North
The South
Higher tariffs meant that European goods wouldn’t outsell American made textile products
Higher tariffs meant that imported goods from Europe would cost more
High tariffs would hurt the South’s cotton economy

28. Culture The North The South Larger cities with larger populations
The North was more diverse (free blacks and immigrants from Europe)
More rural areas led people to be more independent
The South had a smaller population

29. Education The North The South
Schools provided more educated workers for businesses and industry
Free education was provided through High School
The rural lifestyle did not require high levels of education
Only rich planters could afford private tutors

30. Sectionalism The North The South
Viewed the North as arrogant and believed that the Southern way of life was justified
Viewed themselves as being more cultured and traditional than the North
Viewed the South as a backward society that advocated slavery
Viewed themselves as more educated and more modern that then South