2.  Warm Up: Is physical violence ever okay? Yes or no, and explain.  ACT Word of the Day:

3. School Days until the MSL EXAM: 9

4. Agenda 1. Warm Up 2. Current Events 3. Notes on Terrorism

5. Goal! You will be able to evaluate the use of terrorism and its affect on society

6. Why would anyone do this?

7. Let’s address some misconceptions… Imagine a terrorist in your mind

8.  Osama Bin Laden | (Saudi) founder of al-Qaeda, the jihadist organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, along with numerous other mass- casualty attacks against civilian and military targets

9.  Zacarias Moussaoui | (French) conspired to kill citizens of the U.S. as part of the September 11 th attacks (2001)

10.  Anders Behring Breivik | (Norwegian) convicted of killing 77 people in a horrific bombing and shooting attack (2011)

11.  Ulrike Meinhof | (German) took part in a wide variety of terrorist activities including bombings, robbery, kidnapping and shootings (1970’s)

12.  Timothy McVeigh | (American) convicted of killing 168 people in the Oklahoma City bombing (1995) So, what did we learn? You can’t judge a book by its cover. Terrorists come in all shapes and sizes. Terrorists are not exclusively Muslim men from the Middle East, contrary to American prejudice. Terrorism has happened throughout all of history. It is NOT a modern phenomenon.

13.  Terrorism is the unlawful use or threat of violence to cause fear and to advance political, religious, or ideological goals.

14. "The government of Country A is very unhappy with the government of Country B, whose leaders came to power in a revolution that threw out the former Country B dictator. Country A decides to do everything in its power to overthrow the new leaders of Country B. It begins funding a guerrilla army that attacks Country B from another country next door. Country A also builds army bases in the next door country and allows the guerrilla army to use its bases. Country A supplies almost all of the weapons and supplies of the guerrilla army fighting Country B. The guerrillas generally try to avoid fighting Country B's army. Instead, they attack clinics, schools, and cooperative farms. Sometimes they mine the roads. Many, many civilians are killed and maimed by the Country A-supported guerrillas. Consistently, the guerrillas raid Country B and then retreat into the country next door where Country A has military bases." Scenario

15. Discussion Questions 1.Which, if any, of these activities should be considered "terrorism" according to your definition? 2.Who are the "terrorists"? 3.What more would you need to know to be more sure of your answer?

16.  "The government of the U.S.A. is very unhappy with the government of Nicaragua, whose leaders came to power in a revolution that threw out the former Nicaraguan dictator. The U.S.A. decides to do everything in its power to overthrow the new leaders of Nicaragua. It begins funding a guerrilla army that attacks Nicaragua from Honduras. The U.S.A. also builds army bases Honduras and allows the guerrilla army to use its bases. The U.S.A. supplies almost all of the weapons and supplies of the guerrilla army fighting Nicaragua. The guerrillas generally try to avoid fighting Nicaragua's army. Instead, they attack clinics, schools, and cooperative farms. Sometimes they mine the roads. Many, many civilians are killed and maimed by the American- supported guerrillas. Consistently, the guerrillas raid Nicaragua and then retreat into Honduras where the U.S.A. has military bases."

17. WWhat do you think of the book’s definition of terrorism now? Is it the best definition? Does it leave something to be desired? Terrorism’s Definition

18.  Terrorism has been used for thousands of years to fight for independence, change society, or threaten foreigners

19.  Causes of Terrorism in the Middle East  Arab-Israeli Conflict  Western colonial domination led to resentment among some Arabs 1980s, Hamas, Hezbollah, al Qaeda used terrorist tactics against Israel, Western nations Hamas seeks to destroy Israel, create Palestinian state Hezbollah supported by Iran, has primary goal of destruction of Israel Islamist Tactics Iran’s support of Hezbollah—state- sponsored terrorism Israel, United States, other nations consider Hezbollah terrorist organization Other nations see it as legitimate resistance movement against Israel Support

20. September 11, 2001  Most notorious recent attack involved he hijacking of 4 planes  Two were crashed in the World Trade Center  The third was crashed into the Pentagon  One was crashed in Pennsylvania

21. Fighting Terrorism New Legislation After 9/11, the US Government passed new legislation to strengthen international, domestic intelligence Military Action Used to pressure countries suspected of supporting terrorists 2001, U.S.-led military campaign invaded Afghanistan, forced out Taliban government, which had supported, protected members of al Qaeda Homeland Security Established after 9–11; focused on security of nation’s borders, transportation networks Sought to find, cut off funding sources for terrorist networks

23. 1. Take out the Guided reading 2. Read and annotate the article 3. Answer the questions

24.  Wicked captures the story of Oz through the eyes of the Wicked Witch. As historians, it is important to pay attention to perspective in order to determine the TRUTH of a topic.  As you read along to this song, please pay particular attention to the bolded lyrics.