1. Chapter 32 ( )
World war ii

2. Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles
The Axis Powers invade territory in Europe and Asia during the 1930s
Third Reich Violations
Italy, Germany, Japan
What was created after WWI to prevent this situation from occurring?
What did the League do?
Britain and France don’t attack Germany

3. “I believe it is peace for our time”
British government under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain urges a policy of appeasement
Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace
Munich Conference
Let Hitler keep the Sudetenland after he agrees to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia

4. Words of Anger
“Throughout history, it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph.” -- Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie after an Italian invasion is made possible by an unblocked use of the British-controlled Suez Canal, 1935

5. Another World War… Causes of World War II
Within 6 months, Hitler ignores Munich Agreement
Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact
Why?
Germany invades Poland
Allies Great Britain and France declare war on Germany (Sept. 1939)
United States’ response?
Causes of World War II
Treaty of Versailles
Rise of totalitarian governments
Appeasement
Nationalism
Militarism
Imperialism
German invasion of Poland
Immediate cause

6. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement (August 1939)

7. German War Machine Blitzkrieg of Poland and France Two parts:
Airplanes and tanks
Massive infantry forces
“Lightning war”
Element of surprise
Maginot Line
“Sitzkrieg”
France is destroyed

8. Effects of the Blitz

9. Germany Continues to Gain Strength
Germany takes over much of Europe and northern Africa
Europe, >
Germany breaks its non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, by 1942 pushes 500 miles into Russian territory

10. View from U.S. ship at sea

11. View from the shoreline

13. Why Pearl Harbor?
Japan Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto calls for an attack on Hawaii
He felt that it was a threat to Japan’s goal of controlling southeast Asia
December 7, 1941
2,300 Americans killed in surprise Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt: “A day that will live in infamy”
United States declares war on Japan
Internment camps

14. World War II Political Cartoon
A man from what country is depicted in the cartoon?
What audience is this cartoon aimed at?
What message is the cartoonist trying to send to his audience?

21. Battle of Britain Luftwaffe vs. RAF
British endure air bombing raids from Germany
Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, forces Germany to retreat
*First time a German attack fails since Hitler took power

22. How were the Allies able to weaken the Axis war machine?
Axis powers’ mistakes
Germany breaks non- aggression pact with Soviet Union
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; Hitler declares war on United States
Heavy bombing of Tokyo by U.S.
Broke the “aura of invincibility” of Japan
Battle of Midway
D-Day
Invasion of Normandy
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler commits suicide as Soviets approach
V-E Day (5/9/1945)
Victory in Europe
Was Allied victory complete?

23. The Japanese in Retreat
Kamikazes
“I’m desperately trying to figure out why kamikazes wore helmets.”
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
How could the United States defeat Japan?
Many options
1. Atomic bomb
2. Full-scale invasion
3. Blockade
4. Negotiate a treaty
Why does U.S. President Harry Truman use the atomic bomb?
Truman warns Japan of bomb and need to surrender in July 1945

24. Hiroshima, Japan—August 6, 1945 First atomic bomb is dropped by the B-29 bomber Enola Gay

25. Nagasaki, Japan—August 9, 1945
Approximately 150,000 civilians were killed instantly in both atomic bomb attacks.
Nearly as many later died or were wounded as a result of burns or radiation poisoning.
Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.

26. Shin’s Tricycle

27. World War II Death Toll
Germany 4.2 million, Japan 2.35 million, Italy 410,000. Total Axis deaths: 8.3 million people
Soviet Union 20 million, U.S. 400,000, France 600,000, China 10 million, Britain 388,000. Total Allied deaths: 40 million people
21 million military personnel and 27 million civilians die in World War II

28. Postwar Europe Few farmers remained Famine and disease
What happened to the popularity of communism? Why?
Nuremberg Trials
“Crimes against humanity”
Ten Nazi leaders sentenced to death
Allies turned enemies

29. Postwar Japan Democratization
Creating a government elected by the people
New Constitution
Emperor was not divine
Demilitarization
Loss of colonial empire
Continued U.S. military presence in Japan
Enemies turned allies