1. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology: An Introduction Benjamin Lahey11th Edition Slides by Kimberly Foreman

2. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Ten: Developmental Psychology

3. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Processes of Development Developmental psychology - the more or less predictable changes in behavior associated with increasing age Maturation: -systematic physical growth of the nervous system and other bodily structures

4. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Processes of Development (cont.) Early experience and critical periods: - imprinting - critical period - early social deprivation: - Harry and Margaret Harlow

5. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Processes of Development (cont.) Variations in development: -children vary in the rate of their own development from one period to the next

6. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Stage Theories of Development Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development: 4 stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational

7. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Stage Theories of Development (cont.) Stage theories of moral development: - Kohlberg’s theory of moral development: - gives boys moral dilemmas to determine level of moral reasoning - Gilligan’s theory of moral development: - says girls pass through stages differently

8. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development in Infancy and Childhood Neonatal period: the newborn - first 2 weeks of life - reflexes: - rooting - sensory abilities are well developed - cognitive development is just beginning

9. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Infancy: 2 weeks to 2 years - physical development - cognitive development - sensorimotor stage: - object permanence - telegraphic speech - emotional and social development: - attachments - separation anxiety

10. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Early childhood: 2 to 7 years - cognitive development: - preoperational stage: - egocentric - animism - transductive reasoning - emotional and social development: - parallel to cooperative play

11. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Middle childhood: 7 to 11 years - cognitive development: - concrete operational stage: - reversibility - conservation - decentered thought - emotional and social development: - relationships with peers become significant - cliques

12. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adolescent Development Physical development: - puberty: - primary sex characteristics: - menarche - secondary sex characteristics - adolescent growth spurt

13. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adolescent Development (cont.) Cognitive development: - formal operational stage: - can use abstract concepts - adolescent egocentrism: - imaginary audience - personal fable - hypocrisy - pseudostupidity

14. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adolescent Development (cont.) Emotional and social development: - adolescent emotions: - parent-child conflicts - mood changes - risky behavior: - drinking - drugs

15. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood Physical development: -slow process of physical decline after early adulthood Cognitive development : - fluid intelligence reaches its peak in the early twenties then declines thereafter

16. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Emotional and social development: - major dimensions of adult personality are very stable

17. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Stages of adult life: - early adulthood: - intimacy vs. isolation (17 to 45 yrs) - middle adulthood: - generativity vs. stagnation (40 to 65 yrs) - midlife transition - later adulthood: - integrity vs. despair (65 yrs on)

18. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Evaluation of stage theories of adulthood: - gender differences - cultural differences and historical change - inconsistent evidence - questions about the idea of stage theories

19. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Causes of aging and predictors of longevity: - biological factors - psychological factors

20. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Death and dying: the final “stage” - Elisabeth Kübler-Ross: - denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance