1. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 1-3 YEARS By: E

2. WHAT IS A TODDLER? -Toddlers: Children from age of first steps, usually about 12 months, until the age of 3 -Toddlers need regular exercise to build muscle and use up excess energy. Height and weight: -A toddlers growth is slower than a babies. A toddler gains 1/2 lbs (0.2kg) per month. -Hereditary shows:. An example would be tall versus short

3. -By 2, child stands straighter and the abdomen still protrudes and head is still somewhat forward. -Knees and elbows slightly bent. - Age 3 back is straight and decreased baby fat. -Posture improves during ages 1-3 -until age 2, head, chest, and abdomen have the same circumference. -Between 2 and 3, chest becomes larger than head and abdomen. -Arms, legs, and trunk get bigger at this time and balance improves. PROPORTION AND POSTURE

4.  1 year olds have an average of 8 teeth.  At age 2, about 8 more teeth come in.  The last 4 teeth emerge around age 3.  The diet of the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding affect babies teeth.  The babies diet also affects how the teeth come in (lots of calcium and vitamin D are good)  -Most teeth conditions are hereditary and dentists can often fix it.  Caring for teeth:  - 18 months toddlers can begin brushing on their own. (using a small, soft toothbrush)  - Children will still require adult help and dentists recommend showing them how to floss. Teeth

5. Motor skills Large Motor Skills: abilities that depend on the use and control of the large muscles of the back, legs, shoulders, and arms. Walking, running, and throwing are examples of Large motor skills. Manipulation: skillful use of hands and fingers. Small Motor skills: abilities that depend on the use and control of the finer muscles of the wrists, fingers, and ankles. Examples are small puzzles and knobs, holding colours and paintbrushes, and turning pages on cardboard books. Also feeding themselves and drinking from a cup is a small motor skill. These all require hand-eye coordination. Motor skills depend on the child's temperament, and ability to exercise and play. Motor skills depend on the child's temperament, and ability to exercise and play.

6. 1-2 year olds:  13 months: they will be able to pull themselves into a standing position using a stable object.  14 months: a child will be able to get up on their own.  15 months:  15 months: a baby will be able to bend down and pick up objects while standing. A baby will also know how to walk.  20 months: they will be able to graduate onto running

7. Age 2: A toddler will be able to eat finger foods. Scribble and draw lines on a paper Display interest in dressing and undressing themselves. They will also be able to drink from a cup with minimal spilling. Want to try to brush their own teeth. Age 3: Can throw and roll a ball. turn doorknobs draw lines and circles on a piece of paper loves finger games (Head and shoulders, knees and toes…) Loves to climb learn to ride a tricycle 3 WHAT 2 AND 3 YEAR OLDS DO…

8. What do they eat? A 1 year old likes a variety of soft foods including yogurt, mashed potatoes, and apple sauce. They go through a picky stage and will not eat certain foods, but this only lasts for a bit. Finger food is very popular for this age group. A 2 year old can be picky or easy to feed. They are either messy or neat when they eat, and can learn to eat with a fork. A 3 year old can eat the same foods as the rest of the family; just cut into smaller pieces. They need nutritional snacks throughout the day to keep up with their energy!

9. * This is when children establish views on personal hygiene. * Toddlers consider bath more of playtime than bathing time. * 1 year olds can wash themselves by rubbing the washcloth on themselves * 2 year olds can wash, rinse, and dry themselves fairly well. * 3 year olds can bathe themselves with minimal supervision

10. Children learn to dress themselves. Adults should encourage this when a child shows interest. At 12 months a child begins pulling clothes off. At 18-24 months a child can undress completely. At 13-14 months a child usually shows interest in helping getting dressed. At age 3 a child can dress independently

11.   As a baby, little children learn to develop a sleeping pattern, but as they grow, it changes. At age 2 a child needs less sleep and may not be willing to go to sleep as easily. They may no longer need a morning nap but will require an afternoon one.  At age 2 a child needs less sleep and may not be willing to go to sleep as easily. They may no longer need a morning nap but will require an afternoon one.  At age 3 the child may feel insecure at night. They often develop a fear of the dark. Sleeping patterns

12. Toilet training!!! Most children begin at the ages of 18 months or 3 yrs. There is no set age. They should start when they are physically and emotionally mature enough. The child must be old enough to be able to control the sphincter muscles, to control elimination. The child must be able to recognize that they have to go.

13. Physical Development and Child Abuse Abuse comes in many forms such as sexual, emotional, physical, and neglect. These types of abuse can affect a child's physical development. A child may not grow to the height normal children reach at a young age, or they may be obese or malnourished and thin. A child who faces neglect at a young age may not be able to walk or even smile at the age most toddlers can. They may not have the motor skills that most toddlers acquire at a certain age, and it may take them way longer to learn. They may not learn or express interest in activities like getting dressed or potty training at the same time as other toddlers do. They may also not be able to attach to a mother figure and their brain may not grow as intended as a result of any form of abuse.

14. Signs of Child abuse 1. Determine what kind of abuse you think is going on. For Signs of physical abuse, check and see if the child tries and puts up a fight when it's time to go to daycare, or appear frightened around the caregiver or other adults 2. For signs of emotional abuse see if the child displays behavioral problems or changes such as shunning a parent's affections — or, alternately, becoming excessively clingy — or acting angry or depressed 3.Some children may be facing sexual abuse and exhibit behavior such as having pain, itching, bleeding, or bruises in or around the genital area, having difficulty walking or sitting, possibly because of genital or anal pain, suffering from urinary tract infections, or suddenly start wetting the bed, being reluctant to take off his coat or sweater, even on a hot day, or insist on wearing multiple undergarments, or demonstrate sexual knowledge, curiosity, or behavior beyond his age (obsessive curiosity about sexual matters, for example, or seductive behavior toward peers or adults).

15. Have And

16. http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/physical_health_from_age_1_to_2_pbs.html http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/physical_health_from_age_1_to_2_pbs.html http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfm #physical http://www.wikihow.com/Recognize-Signs-of-Abuse-in-a-Toddler-or-Baby Chapter 11 Child development textbook References