1. Honors World Studies I Ancient Civilizations Compare/Contrast Exercise

2. Geography and Architecture Nile River- Giver of life Isolated because of desert, sea, and cataracts Pyramids Lack of natural barriers Fertile Crescent EGYPT MIDDLE EAST (Sumerians) Himalayas to north- Protect and isolation Planned cities Relatively Isolated Yellow River INDIACHINA River Valleys- Rivers essential to life ¾ Protection

3. Religion and Gods Life after death Mummification Polytheistic (more than 1 god) Feared gods Life after death Ziggurats-temples of gods EGYPT MIDDLE EAST (Sumerians) Priest-King (Religious/Political Power) Polytheistic- gods involved in nature Ancestor worship Gods connected to nature Oracle Bones INDIACHINA Polytheistic Gods/nature

4. Government Ruled by Dynasties(family) Pharaoh(ruler) believe to be a god Government connected w/ religion City-States Kings represented gods (but not actual gods) No central gov’t EGYPT MIDDLE EAST (Sumerians) Priest-Kings leaders of gov’t and religion Gov’t controlled building Strict control (centralized) Aryans-social classes (caste system) King was the highest ruler Local lords controlled smaller areas Ruled by Dynasties(family) Mandate of heaven INDIACHINA * Leadership (Centralized (dynasties) or city- state level) Religion & gov’t were hand in hand Strict control

5. Innovations Hieroglyphics- written language (papyrus) 365 days calendar Irrigation system Code of Laws City-states Cuneiform- written language (stone tablets) Base 60 math system EGYPT MIDDLE EAST (Sumerians) Planned cities (dams/ levees) System of weights and measures Cotton- export to Mes. Written Language 365 ¼ day calendar Metal coins Bronze Spoked wheels Written Language- 3000 symbols Books not scrolls INDIACHINA Written Language

6. EGYPT MIDDLE EAST (Sumerians) INDIACHINA