1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM “Every Breath You Take”

2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  The four main functions:  Controls blood pH  Delivers oxygen to body and removes carbon dioxide as waste  Defends the body against invading microbes  Produces sounds

4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  THORACIC CAVITY: location of respiratory organs  PLEURA: contains a lubricating fluid that allows lungs to expand and recoil smoothly

5. NASAL and ORAL CAVITIES  Warms air up to body temperature (37 o C)  Contains mucus producing cells that trap dirt, debris and microbes.  Contains nose hairs and cells with cilia that also trap dirt and debris found in air.

7. TRACHEA  A long tube made up of cartilage that runs from the oral cavity to the lungs  Contains mucus secreting cells and cells with cilia that trap dirt and debris and microbes.

8. TRACHEA  Contains the LARYNX which contains the vocal chords that allow us to make sounds.  Protected by the EPIGLOTTIS ; a structure that keeps food from entering the trachea.

9. BRONCHI  The two branches of the trachea  Contains mucus secreting cells and cilia

10. BRONCHIOLES  Branches of the bronchi  Also contains mucus secreting cells and cilia

11. ALVEOLI  The location of gas exchange between air and the blood  Tiny air sacs that are very thin and are found at the end of the bronchioles  Each cluster is surrounded by a network of capillaries  Gas exchange occurs by DIFFUSION

13. GAS EXCHANGE  Deoxygenated blood flows form heart to lungs through capillaries  Blood has large carbon dioxide concentration and small oxygen concentration while the alveoli is opposite  Gas diffuses across its concentration gradient  Oxygenated blood returns to heart to be circulated

14. DIAPHRAGM  A thin muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

15. INHALATION  Diaphragm moves down  Chest cavity moves up and out  Volume in the cavity increases, as pressure in the cavity decreases  INSPIRATION: air rushes in

16. EXHALATION  Diaphragm moves up  Chest cavity moves down and in  Volume in the cavity decreases, as pressure in the cavity increases  EXPIRATION: air rushes out

17. TERMS TO KNOW  TIDAL VOLUME: amount of air that passes in and out of lungs with each breath  TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY: maximum volume of air that can be held in lungs  VITAL CAPACITY: maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs

18. DISEASES  ASTHMA: a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that obstructs airflow  CYSTIC FIBROSIS: an over production of unusually thick mucus that clogs the airways

19. INFECTIONS  INFLUENZA: caused by the flu virus  TUBERCULOSIS: a bacterial infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange  PNEUMONIA: an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus