1. Rome Its Rise and Fall

2. Fall of the Republic Farms –The key to Rome’s success –Farms = Money –Farms = Army Small Farms were being taken over by large landowners –No small farms, no $ and no Army Farms –The key to Rome’s success –Farms = Money –Farms = Army Small Farms were being taken over by large landowners –No small farms, no $ and no Army

3. Fall of the Republic Cont. Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus –Two brothers that wanted to reform land laws –Public Land should be given to small farmers to help them compete –Large landowners owned the “public” land, and they were furious with the Brothers –Tiberius was murdered and his body sent down the Tibris River –Gaius was Later Killed –Their actions opened the door for reform Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus –Two brothers that wanted to reform land laws –Public Land should be given to small farmers to help them compete –Large landowners owned the “public” land, and they were furious with the Brothers –Tiberius was murdered and his body sent down the Tibris River –Gaius was Later Killed –Their actions opened the door for reform

4. Fall of the Republic Cont. Marius and Sulla –Army size = to number of Small farms –In the late Republic, army was weak b/c of few small farms –Marius created a volunteer army of Poor people and promised them land (His Land) –This created an army that was loyal to him –Sulla did the same –Civil War broke out among the Two Marius and Sulla –Army size = to number of Small farms –In the late Republic, army was weak b/c of few small farms –Marius created a volunteer army of Poor people and promised them land (His Land) –This created an army that was loyal to him –Sulla did the same –Civil War broke out among the Two

5. Fall of the Republic Cont. –Sulla wins –Sulla Marches on Rome –Kills all those that oppose him –Later he returns Rome back to Senatorial control –Sulla wins –Sulla Marches on Rome –Kills all those that oppose him –Later he returns Rome back to Senatorial control

6. Collapse of the Republic The First Triumvirate –Government of Three people with Equal Power –Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar (lasted 10 yrs) –Crassus Rich Man Syria –Pompey Friend of Sulla Spain The First Triumvirate –Government of Three people with Equal Power –Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar (lasted 10 yrs) –Crassus Rich Man Syria –Pompey Friend of Sulla Spain

7. Collapse of the Republic Cont. –Julius Caesar Friend of Marius Gaul (modern France) –These three wanted to control Rome, and they knew that they had to work together to do so. –In 53 BC Crassus is Killed in battle –His death created a power struggle –The senate wanted Pompey to Control Rome They asked Julius Caesar lay down his command –Julius Caesar Friend of Marius Gaul (modern France) –These three wanted to control Rome, and they knew that they had to work together to do so. –In 53 BC Crassus is Killed in battle –His death created a power struggle –The senate wanted Pompey to Control Rome They asked Julius Caesar lay down his command

8. Collapse of the Republic Cont. –Julius Caesar Refused Caesar had become a great General Created a very loyal Army –Caesar’s Army Crossed the Rubicon, and invaded Rome –Caesar and Pompey were in a Civil War –Caesar won the War and thus He won Rome –Pompey fled to Egypt, but was killed by Egypt so that Caesar would not be mad at them –In 45 BC Julius Caesar was named Dictator A Dictator is an absolute ruler –Julius Caesar Refused Caesar had become a great General Created a very loyal Army –Caesar’s Army Crossed the Rubicon, and invaded Rome –Caesar and Pompey were in a Civil War –Caesar won the War and thus He won Rome –Pompey fled to Egypt, but was killed by Egypt so that Caesar would not be mad at them –In 45 BC Julius Caesar was named Dictator A Dictator is an absolute ruler

9. Collapse of the Republic Cont. –Julius Caesar’s Reforms Gave land to the Poor Increased the size of the Senate form 300 to 900 Named many loyal friends to high offices Many large building projects –Death of Julius Caesar In 44 BC Caesar was assassinated by a group of men Just like the play “Caesar” by William Shakespeare Brutus was Caesar’s best friend, and he was a leading conspirator against Caesar –Julius Caesar’s Reforms Gave land to the Poor Increased the size of the Senate form 300 to 900 Named many loyal friends to high offices Many large building projects –Death of Julius Caesar In 44 BC Caesar was assassinated by a group of men Just like the play “Caesar” by William Shakespeare Brutus was Caesar’s best friend, and he was a leading conspirator against Caesar

10. Collapse of the Republic Cont. The Second Triumvirate –Octavian Caesar’s heir and grandnephew –Marc Antony Caesar’s alley and assistant –Lepidus Caesar’s Calvary Commander The Second Triumvirate –Octavian Caesar’s heir and grandnephew –Marc Antony Caesar’s alley and assistant –Lepidus Caesar’s Calvary Commander

11. Collapse of the Republic Cont. –These three gained power because after Caesar’s death the Senate and the people of Rome were very upset that he was assassinated –These three vowed to continue what Caesar had done. –Octavian and Antony joined together to force Lepidus out of power –Octavian controlled western Rome while Antony controlled eastern Rome –Eventually Antony and Octavian became enemies and there was a Civil War in Rome once again –These three gained power because after Caesar’s death the Senate and the people of Rome were very upset that he was assassinated –These three vowed to continue what Caesar had done. –Octavian and Antony joined together to force Lepidus out of power –Octavian controlled western Rome while Antony controlled eastern Rome –Eventually Antony and Octavian became enemies and there was a Civil War in Rome once again

12. Collapse of the Republic Cont. –Antony had a strong ally, Egypt Antony’s girlfriend was Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt Cleopatra was also a girlfriend to Julius Caesar –Octavian used this alliance against Antony A none Roman would have power if Antony was left in control –Octavian Finally defeated Antony at Actium in 31 BC –Antony and Cleopatra Commit Suicide –Antony had a strong ally, Egypt Antony’s girlfriend was Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt Cleopatra was also a girlfriend to Julius Caesar –Octavian used this alliance against Antony A none Roman would have power if Antony was left in control –Octavian Finally defeated Antony at Actium in 31 BC –Antony and Cleopatra Commit Suicide