1. World History: The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 28 The Crisis Of The Imperial Order, 1900-1929

2. Objectives Understand how the First World War led to revolution in Russia and the disintegration of several once powerful empires. Be able to describe the role the war played in eroding European dominance in the world. Understand why China and Japan followed such divergent paths during this period. Describe how European and North American society and technology changed in the aftermath of the war.

3. Origins of European Crisis WW I Cause !? –Archduke Franz Ferdinand –Gavrilo Princip –June 28, 1914 Underlying Instabilities –German power challenge to Britain and France –Ottoman decline “sick man of Europe” ‘unstable borderlands’ –nationalism Austria-Hungary Balkan wars –Russian ‘Slavic’ influence –alliances balance of power

4. World War I Alliances

5. Origins of European Crisis Nationalism –uniting force inspiration; cohesion Ex: France, Germany –dividing force multi-ethnic empires Ex: Austro-Hungary, Ottoman revenge for past injustices –18th century wars short few casualties Alliances –Triple Alliance - 1882 Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy –Entente - 1904-07 Britain, France, Russia

6. German Schlieffen Plan

7. The ‘Great’ War: 1914-1918 Expectations –short war w/ few casualties –Victory: fastest and boldest early German victories Reality –Russian 2nd front –Western Front 300 mile long ‘stalemate’ military technology –machine guns –poison gas trench warfare –Goal: war of attrition Result –mass slaughter

8. War On The ‘Homefront’ Rationing –control of resources Women –‘duration’ opportunities –greater independence Civilian Hardships –German rationing 1000 calories –African colonies higher taxes and output soldiers for war effort United States –neutrality –spectacular war profits

9. The Middle East Ottoman Empire –secret German alliance –Russian land aim –Dardanelles closing Gallipoli - 1915 Arab uprising - Faisal (1916) Jewish question –Theodore Herzl Zionism –Palestine strengthen allied cause –Balfour Declaration Jewish homeland in Palestine Iran and Iraq –Indian ‘irony’