1. BELLRINGER: Have you ever been faced with an emergency where someone you know was hurt and in need of medical attention? How did you react? Did you know how to provide basic first aid? Do you know how to handle emergencies that are a matter of life or death, such as choking?

2. STANDARDS: 10.3.9 (B) Describe and apply strategies for emergency and long-term management of injuries. 10.3.9 (A) Analyze the role of individual responsibility for safe practices and injury prevention In the home, school and community.

3. UNIT GOALS: List the steps in providing basic first aid Explain what to do in a life-threatening emergency Describe how to handle some common emergencies

4. What to do when you notice something unusual… Unusual sights Unusual appearances or behaviors Unusual odors Unusual noises

5. Emergency Action Steps: CHECK - CALL – CARE Remember to: REMAIN CALM!!!!

6. Emergency Action Steps: Check the scene for safety; check the ill or injured person –Is the scene safe? What happened? How many people are involved? Is there immediate danger involved? Is anyone else available to help?

7. Emergency Action Steps: Check for life threatening conditions such as: –Unconsciousness –No breathing or trouble breathing –No signs of life (breathing or movement) –Severe bleeding

8. Emergency Action Steps: Call 9-1-1 –This is the most important action you can take to help the individual who needs care. It is important to get emergency medical care as soon as possible

9. Emergency Action Steps: –Always CALL FIRST if… The person is unconscious You witness the sudden collapse of a child or infant You know that the unconscious infant or child has heart problems –Always CARE FIRST if… The victim is younger than 12 and you didn’t witness the person collapse Any victim of drowning

10. Emergency Action Steps: Care –Once you have examined the victim for injuries, pain, or indications of trauma; give care until EMS arrives Monitor ABCs (AIRWAY, BREATHING, CIRCULATION) Help the person to rest in a comfortable position Monitor body temp. and prevent the person from getting chilled or over-heated Give specific care Reassure the person

11. Always check the ABC’s… Airway- open the airway Breathing- check for movement or breathing Circulation- check for signs of life (pulse and severe bleeding) HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT

12. Severe Bleeding There are three types of bleeding. Capillary bleeding is slow, the blood "oozes" from the (wound) cut. Venous bleeding is dark red or maroon, the blood flows in a steady stream. Arterial bleeding is bright red, the blood "spurts" from the wound. Arterial bleeding is life threatening and difficult to control.

13. Severe Bleeding The adult body contains approximately 5 to 6 quarts of blood (10 to 12 pints). The body can normally lose 1 pint of blood (usual amount given by donors) without harmful effects. A loss of 2 pints may cause shock, a loss of 5 to 6 pints usually results in death. During certain situations it will be difficult to decide whether the bleeding is arterial or venous. The distinction is not important. The most important thing to remember is that all bleeding must be controlled as soon as possible.

14. Severe Bleeding What to do? Figure 17.5 (page 520) -direct and steady pressure -pressure to a main artery leading to the wound -raise body part above the heart

15. Shock Shock can be caused by - Severe bleeding -Heart attack -Electricity -Poisoning It is a serious condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all the parts of the body.

16. Shock What to do? Cover the person with a blanket, coat or other wrap to maintain body heat. Get help immediately.

17. CPR http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/video demo/adult_cpr_small.wmvhttp://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/video demo/adult_cpr_small.wmv

18. REVIEW: What are the three C’s of first aid/CPR? Describe an emergency situation in which you should administer care first before calling for EMS Demonstrate the head-tilt chin lift

19. QUICK TIP: Always be ready for a quiz…you never know when one might pop up!