1. THE COLD WAR THE COLD WARCold War Background Post WWII Developments Truman’s Containment Policy US Military Expands & Modernizes Korean War

2. Background & Leadership Harry Truman(44): Farmer, WWI, Missouri Harry Truman(44): Farmer, WWI, Missouri –judge, Senate, 1944 VP, pragmatic & flinty Churchill: loses election 1945 Churchill: loses election 1945 Stalin: Background- “man of steel,” 1928 Stalin: Background- “man of steel,” 1928 –5 year plan of collective farms kills millions, Purges of 1933-37 & 1937-38 kill 7m, Gulag kills 4.5 m, secret protocols with Hitler –Communist Ideology: No private property, material equality, no religion, totalitarian government, closed society, call for world wide revolution.

3. Harry S Truman: 1944-1953

4. Stalin: Soviet Leader 1924-1953

5. Post War Developments Japan: democracy, westernized, no army Germany and Berlin: split into 4 zones –U–U–U–US, English, French, and Soviet –1–1–1–1947 West side held elections, wanted unity United Nations created 1945: SF, Security Council w/ veto, General Assembly Soviets take Eastern Europe: E. Germany, –P–P–P–Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugo –A–A–A–And Albania. Soviet: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania –M–M–M–March 1948 Soviets coup of Czechs

6. Truman: Containment Truman stops Lend Lease to Soviets Truman stops Lend Lease to Soviets Kennan telegraph: “contain” Russia Kennan telegraph: “contain” Russia –Stalin is dangerous, Russia plans expansion. Greece and Turkey: Civil War w/ Reds Greece and Turkey: Civil War w/ Reds Truman Doctrine: US will ”Aid free people” Truman Doctrine: US will ”Aid free people” –Against Soviet expansion, $400m Marshall Plan: $17 billion, (after $9 b) Marshall Plan: $17 billion, (after $9 b) –US gives massive economic aid to Europe Soviets Blockade Berlin: Truman airlifts tons Soviets Blockade Berlin: Truman airlifts tons –of food and supplies to people of West Berlin NATO: Western Europe & US & Canada NATO: Western Europe & US & Canada –Form military alliance to protect Europe.

7. George Marshall

8. Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949

9. US Military Expands National Security Act 1947: Dept. Defense National Security Act 1947: Dept. Defense –CIA, National Security Council Russia steels the A-Bomb 1949 Russia steels the A-Bomb 1949 US develops H-Bomb 1952: Ed Teller US develops H-Bomb 1952: Ed Teller NSC-68 1950: Acheson. US must spend NSC-68 1950: Acheson. US must spend –more on defense to fight Soviets. –Defense budget: increases to $50 billion, or –17% of GNP (today 3%) –Army grows to 3.5 million

10. Dean Acheson: Sec of state

11. China and Korea China: Mao wins, Chiang flees to Taiwan China: Mao wins, Chiang flees to Taiwan Korea: North communist Kim Il-Sung, Korea: North communist Kim Il-Sung, –Agrarian South democratic- 38 th parallel –North invades South: Kim; Mao, Stalin –North pushes all they way to Pusan Perimeter –Truman goes to UN, multinational force –MacArthur: Inchon Landing, up to Yalu –300,000 Chinese push US to 38 th parallel –MacArthur wants to fight, fired by Truman. –Armistice: South Korea capitalistic democracy

12. Korean War: June 1950