1. Feed Nutrients Special Feeds

2. Colostrum First milk given by mammals after birth Contains antibodies Milk Replacers Can’t replace colostrum Higher fat reduces diarrhea

3. Fats and Oils Fat –increases calories of ration –2.25 times the NRG of carbs –Easily digested by animals –controls dust –lessons wear on mixing equip Molasses –by-product from sugar –appetizer –¾ NRG of corn –stimulates rumen activity

4. Proteins Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids –Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Ruminants can synthesize amino acids, but non-ruminants must have these added in the ration

5. Proteins - Sources Must contain a good balance of amino acids Urea – synthetic nitrogen source –Nitrogen acts in the ruminant to make amino acids Crude Protein –Total Usable Protein –Cereal grains mixed in the proper proportions –Soybean oil meal

6. Vitamins Trace organic compounds – needed in small amounts Fat-soluble –A, D, E, and K –Healthy eyes, good conception rate, disease resistance –Green leafy hay, yellow corn, fish oils, direct sunlight Water-soluble –C and B-complex –Teeth and bone formation, prevention of infections

7. Minerals Inorganic materials containing no carbon Provide for growth of bones, teeth, and tissue Major minerals –Often lacking in rations Trace Minerals –Often found in feeds –Excess quantities of some can be toxic

8. Additives, Implants, & Injections 80% of animals get some drug during lifetime Regulate growth, modify rumen activity, improve feed efficiency Lower production costs Feed Additives –Antibiotics Produced by living organism –Antioxidants Prevent oxidation

9. Feed Additives (cont’) Bloat Control Products –Inhibit gas formation and methane prod. in rumen Electrolytes –Salts –Replenish Fluids Flavoring Agent –Increases palatability => Increased feed intake Hormones –Increases growth, milk prod. And meat prod.

10. Implants Small pellet deposited under skin Promote growth Steroids –Increase muscle mass –Eliminate pain Tranquilizers

11. Assignment Complete the eleven Unit 7 Review Questions listed below. 1, 2, 6, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 28 USE COMPLETE SENTENCES E-mail your answers to me by the beginning of class tomorrow.