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Developing ISR Capabilities for the 21st Century
Maj Gen Paul Dettmer Asst. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
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Introduction The challenges our national security enterprise faces
What we need from you… 5th Generation Threat Counters… Precision Targeting… Information Fusion… Air Force Distributed Common Ground System (AF DCGS) upgrades…
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Traditional Challenges: US dominance no longer assured…
Near-term Near-term Mid-term Mid-term Long-term Hybrid 4th Gen+ Fighters SA-20 Proliferation Advanced DRFM Long Range AAMs SA-21 AIR Chinese Manned Space Program Revitalized Russian Mil Space Program Emerging ASAT Capability SPACE High-Performance Computing Radio Frequency Identification Nanotechnology Biometrics CYBER
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Non-Traditional Challenges: US increasingly ‘surprised’…
Irregular Catastrophic Disruptive Technology
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Emerging Technology: Diffusion – technology no longer ‘asymmetric’
Globalization and commercialization of technology resulting in potential disruptive threats worldwide GPS Jammers Anti-missile Defense Laser Satellites Energy Directed Cyber Biometrics/Nano
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21st Century Challenge Precision and Information Synergy
INFORMATION Age Warfare: Find / Fix is the biggest challenge… ISR is the “hub” of the 21st Century Kill Chain….
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Info Age Warfare Tenets:
AF is transforming ISR with a capabilities and effects based approach ISR enterprise need not necessarily involve only “intel” coded Airman to be intelligence Example: Targeting pods used for ISR taskings A platform-based construct misses the opportunity to integrate, analyze and interpret information of value to warfighters / decision makers Making every sensor a shooter, and every shooter a sensor produces the capability, effects, and flexibility Info-age Warfare demands …
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Precision & Information Synergy: Abu Musab al Zarqawi Take-Down
2006 Planning Meeting 7 Jun 06
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Information Age Warfare ISR: What We Need From You …
5th Generation Threat Counters… Precision Targeting… Information Fusion… AF DCGS upgrades…
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Stand-off sensors for ISR capabilities in denied areas
5th Generation Threat Counters Stand-off Sensors Advances in Air-to-Air / Surface-to-Air technology are spreading… Increasingly in areas we need to gain ISR “access”… Range, reach, endurance, survivability, low observability must be present at the start of ISR systems concepts…not “add ons” after the sensor is proven… Stand-off sensors for ISR capabilities in denied areas
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Precision Targeting: Target Mensuration
Precision weapons are no good without precision coordinates Expect 212,000 GPS / INS guided weapons by 2015 Can take 20-minutes to 3+ hours to mensurate each point What ISR needs: Automated point mensuration capabilities / systems MK 84 class bomb, Med Alt OAF/OEF/OIF (40 ft) Vietnam (400 ft) Korea (1000 ft)
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Precision Targeting: Highly Mobile Targets
Future moving away from fixed to mobile targets Example: Desert Storm “Scud Hunt” What ISR needs: Time-sensitive, time-critical, responsive flexibility… Automatic sensor integration… Automatic data base / pattern of life “tip offs”…
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Precision Targeting: Hardened and Deeply Buried Targets &
Non-Kinetic Targeting Assess Hard and Deeply Buried Target effects… Even if weapons penetrate, may be difficult to cause substantial damage due to internal design Often used for WMD-related technologies Counter WMD without collateral damage… How will we know it was destroyed? Non-kinetic targeting…how do we do BDA?...how do we minimize collateral damage?
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Information Fusion: Wide Area Airborne Surveillance
IOC FY09 FY13 Today MQ-1 Observe single target Single Rover / OSRVT FMV - 30 fps WAAS – 2 fps MQ-9 advantages over MQ-1 2 x faster – more responsive 2 x higher – broader coverage 6 x payload (versatile: sensor, weapons) 10x10 km coverage area 30 ROVER queries and 65+ simultaneous targets through Tactical Operations Center 8x8 km coverage area 12 independent ROVER queries growing to 30 FMV WAAS WAAS + ARGUS What ISR needs: Time-sensitive How do we handle the upcoming tsunami of data?
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Information Fusion: Instantaneous dissemination
# Aircraft # Aircraft Deployed MQ-1 109 62 MQ-9 22 5 RQ-4 7 3 U-2 28 11 RC-135S RC-135V/W 17 RC-135U 2 1 WC-135 Senior Scout
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AF DCGS - AN/GSQ-272 “Sentinel”
Global ISR Assets Feed… Other Platforms / Sensors / Sources A Distributed Global TPED Weapon System that turns data/information into… Goodfellow AFB Davis-Monthan AFB Al Udeid AB Reno Salt Lake Wichita Little Rock Birmingham Hickam AFB DGS-5 Beale AFB DGS-2 Langley AFB DGS-1 DGS-X DPOC Ramstein AB DGS-4 Shaw AFB Raytheon Garland Factory System IN MA Core Site ANG Site Support Site AOC Site Film Site Future Sites Osan AB DGS-3 Tailored, Timely, Actionable Intelligence for the COCOMs / Warfighters across the Full Spectrum of Military Operations 24/7/365 Finally, I want to discuss Air Force DCGS. What you see here is ONE Air Force weapon system (an AN/GSQ-272) with a global presence and robust interconnectivity. Included are virtually seamless components of national mission partners, such as NSA, NGA, NASA, NRO, and NASIC. The Air National Guard and Air Force Reserves are also an integral part of the weapon system, with not only individual nodes, but also collocated operators. When a U-2, Global Hawk, Predator, or Reaper flies, it’s the operators in AF DCGS who tune the receivers, point the cameras, and analyze the video. The weapons system has the ability to connect with the other platforms in the chart through datalinks and databases as both a consumer and a supplier of information. We then collect and process the data, turning the raw, unintelligible 0s and 1s into useable form. Sometimes, based on joint force commander information or timeliness requirements, the info is disseminated directly. Other data is correlated and exploited, and then disseminated. Our primary mission focus is the JTF and below--the joint forces in the field who need information immediately to make life-and-death decisions. This means the soldier or Airman sitting on the camel’s back if that’s who needs it. We are multi-INT, meaning we do this for IMINT, SIGINT, MASINT, and we’re working on HUMINT. As an officially designated Air Force WEAPON SYSTEM, we are formally accountable to the Air Force in 14 areas. These include training and crew certification--our operators are not merely shift workers, but trained crewmembers who undergo regular checkrides to ensure they are effective contributors to the kill chain. Other areas include formalized maintenance operations, modernization planning, and others. And possibly most importantly, we share data at every level. We are network-centric--connected through a robust communications infrastructure, allowing reachback operations and collaboration. Troops In Contact Special Operations Combat Search & Rescue High Value Targets Counter IED
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What is the DIB? DCGS Integration Backbone
UNCLASSIFIED What is the DIB? DCGS Integration Backbone A common set of enterprise services and standards that serves as the foundation for the interoperability of DoD DCGS programs Web and Portal Services Enterprise System Services (Metadata Catalog, Publish / Subscribe, Web Alerts) Workflow Management Integration Support Services Security Services at Multiple Security Levels (Unclassified thru SCI) DIB is Key Enabler for DoD DCGS Interoperability UNCLASSIFIED
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AF DCGS Dissemination Paths
Users Tactical Data Links TADIL A/B IBS-I, IBS-S TADIL J NCCT AOC/CAOC/CJSOTF AWACS/JSTARS Navy Combatants (STRED) Army MI Bn/Bde (ASAS) Image Products Targeting Graphics Video snippets Target Graphics Target Folders CAOC/ Flex Targeting Fighter Sq (TBMCS) Theater Intellink COCOM J2/J3/JIOC JFACC A3/A2 AOC/CAOC/SOLE RIVET JOINT Text Messages Formatted reports Instant Message Global Info Grid & Networks NIPRNET SIPRNET JWICS NSANET COCOM/JTF+ below JFACC/AOC Wing/Corps OSS/Sq BDE/BN Ops/Intel Users All Levels Air Ops/EW Coord AOC/CAOC/TOC/TACC/CIC Army/Marine/SOF Units Voice Nets Voice reports Landline / Radio Threat Nets
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End State: Optimized Kill Chain
< 2 minutes Sensor-Shooter integration: We must integrate all ISR data in moments, not minutes or hours
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End State: Optimized Kill Chain
< 2 minutes Sensor-Shooter integration: We must integrate all ISR data in moments, not minutes or hours
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Take Aways … Need your help to solve 21st Century ISR - Precision Strike challenges… Must solve the problems of: ISR vs. 5th Generation Threats Precision Targeting Information Fusion The future DCGS
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Developing ISR Capabilities for the 21st Century
Maj Gen Paul Dettmer Asst. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
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