1. Developing ISR Capabilities for the 21st Century
Maj Gen Paul Dettmer
Asst. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

2. Introduction The challenges our national security enterprise faces
What we need from you…
5th Generation Threat Counters…
Precision Targeting…
Information Fusion…
Air Force Distributed Common Ground System (AF DCGS) upgrades…

3. Traditional Challenges: US dominance no longer assured…
Near-term
Near-term
Mid-term
Mid-term
Long-term
Hybrid 4th Gen+ Fighters
SA-20 Proliferation
Advanced DRFM
Long Range AAMs
SA-21
AIR
Chinese Manned Space Program
Revitalized Russian Mil Space Program
Emerging ASAT Capability
SPACE
High-Performance Computing
Radio Frequency Identification
Nanotechnology
Biometrics
CYBER

4. Non-Traditional Challenges: US increasingly ‘surprised’…
Irregular
Catastrophic
Disruptive Technology

5. Emerging Technology: Diffusion – technology no longer ‘asymmetric’
Globalization and commercialization of technology resulting in potential disruptive threats worldwide
GPS Jammers
Anti-missile Defense
Laser
Satellites
Energy Directed
Cyber
Biometrics/Nano

6. 21st Century Challenge Precision and Information Synergy
INFORMATION Age Warfare: Find / Fix is the biggest challenge…
ISR is the “hub” of the 21st Century Kill Chain….

7. Info Age Warfare Tenets:
AF is transforming ISR with a capabilities and effects based approach
ISR enterprise need not necessarily involve only “intel” coded Airman to be intelligence
Example: Targeting pods used for ISR taskings
A platform-based construct misses the opportunity to integrate, analyze and interpret information of value to warfighters / decision makers
Making every sensor a shooter, and every shooter a sensor produces the capability, effects, and flexibility Info-age Warfare demands …

8. Precision & Information Synergy: Abu Musab al Zarqawi Take-Down
2006 Planning Meeting
7 Jun 06

9. Information Age Warfare ISR: What We Need From You …
5th Generation Threat Counters…
Precision Targeting…
Information Fusion…
AF DCGS upgrades…

10. Stand-off sensors for ISR capabilities in denied areas
5th Generation Threat Counters
Stand-off Sensors
Advances in Air-to-Air / Surface-to-Air technology are spreading…
Increasingly in areas we need to gain ISR “access”…
Range, reach, endurance, survivability, low observability must be present at the start of ISR systems concepts…not “add ons” after the sensor is proven…
Stand-off sensors for ISR capabilities in denied areas

11. Precision Targeting: Target Mensuration
Precision weapons are no good without precision coordinates
Expect 212,000 GPS / INS guided weapons by 2015
Can take 20-minutes to 3+ hours to mensurate each point
What ISR needs:
Automated point mensuration capabilities / systems
MK 84 class bomb, Med Alt
OAF/OEF/OIF
(40 ft)
Vietnam (400 ft)
Korea (1000 ft)

12. Precision Targeting: Highly Mobile Targets
Future moving away from fixed to mobile targets
Example: Desert Storm “Scud Hunt”
What ISR needs:
Time-sensitive, time-critical, responsive flexibility…
Automatic sensor integration…
Automatic data base / pattern of life “tip offs”…

13. Precision Targeting: Hardened and Deeply Buried Targets &
Non-Kinetic Targeting
Assess Hard and Deeply Buried Target effects…
Even if weapons penetrate, may be difficult to cause substantial damage due to internal design
Often used for WMD-related technologies
Counter WMD without collateral damage…
How will we know it was destroyed?
Non-kinetic targeting…how do we do BDA?...how do we minimize collateral damage?

14. Information Fusion: Wide Area Airborne Surveillance
IOC FY09
FY13
Today
MQ-1
Observe single target
Single Rover / OSRVT
FMV - 30 fps
WAAS – 2 fps
MQ-9 advantages over MQ-1
2 x faster – more responsive
2 x higher – broader coverage
6 x payload (versatile: sensor, weapons)
10x10 km coverage area
30 ROVER queries
and 65+ simultaneous targets through Tactical Operations Center
8x8 km coverage area
12 independent ROVER queries
growing to 30
FMV
WAAS
WAAS + ARGUS
What ISR needs:
Time-sensitive
How do we handle the upcoming tsunami of data?

15. Information Fusion: Instantaneous dissemination
# Aircraft
# Aircraft Deployed
MQ-1
109 62
MQ-9 22 5
RQ-4 7 3
U-2 28 11
RC-135S
RC-135V/W 17
RC-135U 2 1
WC-135
Senior Scout

16. AF DCGS - AN/GSQ-272 “Sentinel”
Global ISR Assets Feed…
Other Platforms /
Sensors / Sources
A Distributed Global TPED Weapon System that turns data/information into…
Goodfellow AFB
Davis-Monthan AFB
Al Udeid AB
Reno
Salt Lake
Wichita
Little Rock
Birmingham
Hickam AFB
DGS-5
Beale AFB
DGS-2
Langley AFB
DGS-1
DGS-X
DPOC
Ramstein AB
DGS-4
Shaw AFB
Raytheon Garland
Factory System IN MA
Core Site
ANG Site
Support Site
AOC Site
Film Site
Future Sites
Osan AB
DGS-3
Tailored, Timely, Actionable Intelligence for the COCOMs / Warfighters across the
Full Spectrum of Military Operations 24/7/365
Finally, I want to discuss Air Force DCGS.
What you see here is ONE Air Force weapon system (an AN/GSQ-272) with a global presence and robust interconnectivity. Included are virtually seamless components of national mission partners, such as NSA, NGA, NASA, NRO, and NASIC. The Air National Guard and Air Force Reserves are also an integral part of the weapon system, with not only individual nodes, but also collocated operators.
When a U-2, Global Hawk, Predator, or Reaper flies, it’s the operators in AF DCGS who tune the receivers, point the cameras, and analyze the video. The weapons system has the ability to connect with the other platforms in the chart through datalinks and databases as both a consumer and a supplier of information. We then collect and process the data, turning the raw, unintelligible 0s and 1s into useable form. Sometimes, based on joint force commander information or timeliness requirements, the info is disseminated directly. Other data is correlated and exploited, and then disseminated.
Our primary mission focus is the JTF and below--the joint forces in the field who need information immediately to make life-and-death decisions. This means the soldier or Airman sitting on the camel’s back if that’s who needs it.
We are multi-INT, meaning we do this for IMINT, SIGINT, MASINT, and we’re working on HUMINT.
As an officially designated Air Force WEAPON SYSTEM, we are formally accountable to the Air Force in 14 areas. These include training and crew certification--our operators are not merely shift workers, but trained crewmembers who undergo regular checkrides to ensure they are effective contributors to the kill chain. Other areas include formalized maintenance operations, modernization planning, and others.
And possibly most importantly, we share data at every level. We are network-centric--connected through a robust communications infrastructure, allowing reachback operations and collaboration.
Troops In Contact
Special Operations
Combat Search & Rescue
High Value Targets
Counter IED

17. What is the DIB? DCGS Integration Backbone
UNCLASSIFIED
What is the DIB? DCGS Integration Backbone
A common set of enterprise services and standards that serves as the foundation for the interoperability of DoD DCGS programs
Web and Portal Services
Enterprise System Services (Metadata Catalog, Publish / Subscribe, Web Alerts)
Workflow Management
Integration Support Services
Security Services at Multiple Security Levels (Unclassified thru SCI)
DIB is Key Enabler for DoD DCGS Interoperability
UNCLASSIFIED

18. AF DCGS Dissemination Paths
Users
Tactical Data Links
TADIL A/B
IBS-I, IBS-S
TADIL J
NCCT
AOC/CAOC/CJSOTF
AWACS/JSTARS
Navy Combatants (STRED)
Army MI Bn/Bde (ASAS)
Image Products
Targeting Graphics
Video snippets
Target Graphics
Target Folders
CAOC/ Flex Targeting
Fighter Sq (TBMCS)
Theater Intellink
COCOM J2/J3/JIOC
JFACC A3/A2
AOC/CAOC/SOLE
RIVET JOINT
Text Messages
Formatted reports
Instant Message
Global Info Grid & Networks
NIPRNET
SIPRNET
JWICS
NSANET
COCOM/JTF+ below
JFACC/AOC
Wing/Corps
OSS/Sq
BDE/BN
Ops/Intel
Users
All Levels
Air Ops/EW Coord
AOC/CAOC/TOC/TACC/CIC
Army/Marine/SOF Units
Voice Nets
Voice reports
Landline / Radio
Threat Nets

19. End State: Optimized Kill Chain
< 2 minutes
Sensor-Shooter integration: We must integrate all ISR data in moments, not minutes or hours

20. End State: Optimized Kill Chain
< 2 minutes
Sensor-Shooter integration: We must integrate all ISR data in moments, not minutes or hours

21. Take Aways …
Need your help to solve 21st Century ISR - Precision Strike challenges…
Must solve the problems of:
ISR vs. 5th Generation Threats
Precision Targeting
Information Fusion
The future DCGS

22. Developing ISR Capabilities for the 21st Century
Maj Gen Paul Dettmer
Asst. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance