1. Good Morning! NVC Imperialism in South Africa: A Diamond is Forever…
Essential Question: Why and how did the British come to take over South Africa?
Homework: Congo Textbook Re-Write due BLOCK DAY

2. The “Race” is on… Economic forces driving imperialism in Africa
Cash crops
Rubber (the Congo)
Cocoa
Coffee
Minerals/Resources
Ivory
Diamonds

3. Clash over South Africa
1867 diamonds discovered in South Africa
“The Mineral Revolution”: leads to immigration and urbanization in the region
Sets up conflict between three groups
The Boers
The Zulus
The British

4. The Three Sides The Boers The Zulu Kingdom The British
From the Netherlands
Dutch word for “farmer”
Early settlers c. 1652
The Zulu Kingdom
Strongest kingdom in Africa led by King Shaka
Civilization dates back to 900AD
Skilled warriors
The British
Received rights to South Africa at the Berlin Conference (1884)
1886 now expanding
“So little done, so much to do.”– Cecil Rhodes

5. Anglo-Zulu War Starts over land dispute British invade Zululand
British give Zulus an ultimatum to leave land given to Brits by Berlin Conference
British invade Zululand
Battle of Isandlwana
"March slowly, attack at dawn and eat up the red soldiers.”—King Shaka
1300 British soldiers killed

6. Defeat of the Zulu Technological advantages of British
Steam engine
Telephone communication
Maxim gun: 1st machine gun
Battle of Ulundi
“Concentrate fire with the artillery and Maxim Guns, and keep it concentrated. Undertake no serious operations with detached units of troops. I will be astonished if they [the Zulus] survive this.”– Field Marshall Wolseley

7. The Boer Wars ( )
Boers: Dutch settlers establish large farms c. 1652
Initial allies of the British during the Zulu Wars
After defeat of Zulus, British begin to encroach on Boer land (best diamond mines)
British encouraged by Cecil Rhodes
“I would annex the planets if I could. I often think of that. It makes me sad to see them so clear and yet so far.”—Cecil Rhodes

8. The First Total War Boers much weaker than British
resort to sneak attacks and commando raids
Boer War characterized as first “Total War”
Total War: nearly every civilian is considered a combatant
Concentration camps
Scorched earth
British victorious
Establish Union of South Africa in 1910

9. Legacy of Imperialism Our friend Cecil Rhodes
Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe)
Rhodes Scholarship
De Beers: A diamond is forever
Conflict aka “blood” diamonds continue to encourage violence and genocide to this day
By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free of imperial rule

10. Exit Ticket
Why did the British want South Africa? How did they take it over?