1. Achievement Standard 1.2
Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through…
Understanding Basic anatomical features

2. Body Structure and Function
Other factors that influence human movement and action include:
Biomechanical factors
Improving fitness
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
UNDERSTANDING

3. The Human skeleton UNDERSTANDING
What other functions does the human skeleton have?
Imagine a body WITHOUT a skeleton!

4. The Human skeleton UNDERSTANDING
Are there any other functions of the human skeleton?
What roles do the skull and rib-cage have?

5. The Human skeleton UNDERSTANDING
Many of the bones of the human skeleton are long and hollow.

6. The Human skeleton UNDERSTANDING
Bone-marrow is a soft, fatty tissue found inside of bones that produces blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells act to ward off infection. Platelets aid in blood-clotting.

7. The Human skeleton UNDERSTANDING
The human skeleton serves one other function?
The skeleton also stores minerals such as calcium.

8. Functions of the Skeleton
REMEMBERING

9. Functions of the Skeleton
Movement
Support
Protection
Blood cell formation
Storage
REMEMBERING

10. The Human skeleton APPLY KNOWLEDGE
How does each of the functions relate to performance in physical activity?

11. Movement… APPLY KNOWLEDGE
The skeleton provides levers & joints that allow movement to occur The type of bone / joint is related to the degree of movement possible. Long bones. E.g. ….. Short bones. E.g. ….. Irregular bones. E.g. ….. Flat bones. E.g. ….. Types of joints….
APPLY KNOWLEDGE

12. BLOOD CELL FORMATION sUPPORT PROTECTION MOVEMENT STORAGE UNDERSTANDING
The 5 functions of the skeleton are:

13. Types of Joints UNDERSTANDING Ball & Socket
Examples are the hip and shoulder
Movement occurs in all directions
UNDERSTANDING

14. Types of Joints UNDERSTANDING Hinge Joint
Examples are the elbow and knee (the knee is a modified hinge joint as there is slight rotation)
Movement occurs in 2 directions in one plane – forwards & backwards
UNDERSTANDING

15. Types of Joints UNDERSTANDING Pivot Joint
Examples are the neck (where the atlas pivots around the axis at the top of the spine) and the radioulner joint below the elbow joint (allows lower arm to rotate)
UNDERSTANDING

16. Types of Movement
You need to be able to discuss the type of movement associated with various joints in the human body and relate this to specific sporting examples.

17. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Flexion
Bending a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn together
Examples include elbow flexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, …
UNDERSTANDING

18. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Extension
Straightening a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn apart
Examples include elbow extension, knee extension, hip extension, …
UNDERSTANDING

19. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Abduction
Moving the bone away from the mid-line of the body
(when someone is abducted they are ‘taken away’).
Examples include abduction of the arm as it is drawn out to the side of the body, abduction of the leg.
UNDERSTANDING

20. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Adduction
Moving the bone towards the mid- line of the body
(adduction is adding to the mid-line of the body).
Examples include adduction of the arm as it is drawn in to the side of the body, abduction of the leg.
UNDERSTANDING

21. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Plantar Flexion
Pointing the toes downwards
Examples in sport include diving, gymnastics, acceleration in sprinting, jumping in volleyball, …
UNDERSTANDING

22. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Dorsi-Flexion
Pulling the toes upwards towards the tibia
UNDERSTANDING

23. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Pronation
Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joint. (Pronation also occurs in the foot.)
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UNDERSTANDING

24. Types of Movement UNDERSTANDING Supination
Supination: Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is up (and the corresponding movement of the foot and leg with the sole up).
UNDERSTANDING

25. Muscles of The Human body
REMEMBERING
Muscles of The Human body
Label the muscles indicated on the photo above.

26. Muscles of The Human body
UNDERSTANDING
Muscles of The Human body
For each muscle give 2 examples of actions it is responsible for?
E.g. Abdominals are responsible for a sit up and a ‘pike’ in a dive.