1. The Civil War
Chapter 11

2. The Opposing Sides
Ch 11 Sec 1

3. Objectives Assess the strengths & weaknesses of each region’s economy.
Contrast the political situations of the Union & the Confederacy.

4. Choosing Sides Robert E. Lee was senior officer with the US Army.
Virginia seceded he stayed true to his state.
1/3 of the Union’s military officers chose the Confederacy

5. Advantages & Disadvantages

6. UNION ADVANTAGES -More than 2X railroad - larger population
-More $ in banks
-Functioning government
- Strong navy

7. CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES
-Better military leaders (7 out of 8 military colleges in the South)
-Defensive war-did not have to win, just not lose
-Better soldiers

8. Industry & Agriculture- North
Made most of the nations clothing
Most pig iron
Most firearms factories
All gunpowder

9. Industry & Agriculture- South
One foundry that could produce iron (Tredegar Iron Works)
No facility for gunpowder
Produce all its own food, but couldn’t distribute it
Only one east/west rail line (Memphis to Chattanooga)

10. Discussion
What military advantages did the North and South have at the start of the war?

11. Financing the War
North controlled national treasury, tariffs, & could easily borrow $.
Many people took gold & silver out of banks, so Congress passes Legal Tender Act- created a national currency (paper $)
“greenback”

12. Financing the War
Southern economy was bad, & got worse as the war continued
Southern planters were in debt & couldn’t buy bonds

13. Financing the War South had to tax citizens- people refused to pay
South had to print paper $ to pay bills- caused inflation

14. Discussion
What financial advantages did the North have over the South?

15. Northern Politics

16. Party Politics Many Republicans were abolitionists
Lincoln wanted to preserve Union, no matter what

17. My paramount objective in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. ~Abraham Lincoln

18. Party Politics 2 groups in Democrat Party-
War Democrats- supported the war & restore the Union and preserve slavery
Copperheads (Peace Democrats) opposed war, reunite peacefully.

19. Party Politics
Conscription- forcing people into military service (the draft)
Democrats opposed the draft, Republicans supported it

20. Party Politics
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus for anyone that openly criticized the war effort or supported the South

21. Discussion
Who did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus for?

22. Diplomatic Challenges

23. Relations with Europe
USA did not want Europe to interfere or recognize the CSA
Wanted Europe to honor blockade

24. Relations with Europe CSA wanted recognition
Wanted British Navy to break blockade
Europe (especially England) needed Southern cotton
Fr. & GB both promised to recognize CSA and give aide IF they won a major battle

25. Discussion
At the outbreak of the war, what did Confederates want from Europeans?

26. First Modern War

27. Military Technology & Tactics
Military firsts:
Submarine (Hunley)
Machine gun (Gatling gun)
Trench warfare (Petersburg)

28. Military Technology & Tactics
Military leaders organized soldiers into tight columns
Concentrate fire
When troops got close, they charged with bayonets

29. Military Technology & Tactics
New guns invented
More accurate at greater ranges
Defensive tactics changed
Defenders got in trenches or behind barricades
High casualties

30. Southern Strategy War of Attrition- wear North down
Didn’t have to win, just not lose

31. Union Strategy Blockaded the South
Send gunboats down Mississippi River to divide South
“Anaconda Plan”

32. Discussion
Why was the Confederate’s defensive war of attrition unsuccessful?