1. Chapter 9 Section 1
The Opposing Sides

2. Advantages for the North
What branch of the military had a strong tradition in the North?
Navy
How many of the naval officers came from the North?
More than three-quarters

3. Advantages for the North
How many of the nation’s shipyards remained in Union control?
All but one remained under control of the Union
What was the population of the North in 1860?
About 22 million

4. Advantages for the North
How did having a larger population help the North?
Raising an army and supporting the war effort
What did the North produce 90% of in industry?
Clothing, boots, and shoes

5. Advantages for the North
What did the North produce 94% of industry and what was this used for?
Pig Iron, manufacturing weapons and equipment
The North controlled the national treasury and continued to expect continued revenue from what?
Tariffs

6. Advantages for the North
What did many Northern banks hold and what did they do with their holdings?
Large reserves of cash, lent to the government by purchasing bonds
What did the North pass in February 1862 to help with the financial problems and what did this act allow the North to do?
Legal Tender Act, allowed government to issue paper money

7. Advantages for the North
What was the rate of inflation in the North?
80%

8. Advantages for the South
How many officers resigned from the Union to join the Confederacy?
313
How many military colleges were in the U.S. and how many of them were in the South in 1860?
7 out of 8 in the country

9. Advantages for the South
What type of crops did the South grow besides cash crops?
Rice and corn
What did the South want England to do?
Recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent country, and provide military assistance to the South

10. Advantages for the South
How did the South pressure England?
Southern planters stopped selling their cotton to them until they recognized the Confederacy
Explain the Trent Affair.
Confederacy sent James Mason & John Slidell to France to negotiate on behalf of Confederacy. Traveled on British ship Trent which was intercepted by a Union ship. British upset that Union stopped one of their ships. British sent Union an ultimatum demanding release of the two confederates. Britain sent troops to Canada and strengthened their Atlantic fleet. Lincoln freed Mason and Slidell.

11. Disadvantages for the North
What did people do because of their concern about the North’s ability to win the war?
Withdrew gold & silver from the banks
What could the banks not buy if they had no gold or silver?
Government bonds

12. Disadvantages for the North
What could the government not pay without the sale of bonds?
Could not pay suppliers or troops
What did Lincoln have to contend with within his own party?
Divisions within his own party

13. Disadvantages for the North
What was Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the war?
Preserve the Union, even if meant allowing slavery to continue
What did the war democrats want?
Supported the war to restore Union, but opposed ending slavery

14. Disadvantages for the North
What did the peace democrats want?
Opposed the war and called for reuniting the states through negotiation
How did the Republicans view the Copperheads?
traitors

15. Disadvantages for the North
What is conscription?
Forcing people into military service
What did Congress pass in 1862 and how did the democrats react to it?
Militia law requiring states to use conscription if they could not recruit enough volunteers. Democrats opposed law and riots erupted

16. Disadvantages for the North
To enforce the militia law, Lincoln suspends what?
Habeas Corpus
What is Habeas Corpus?
Refers to a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial. Requires government to charge a person with a crime or let them go free

17. Disadvantages for the North
What can happen to a person if Habeas Corpus is suspended?
Person can be imprisoned indefinitely without a trial
Who did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus on?
Anyone who openly supported the rebels or encouraged others to resist the militia draft

18. Disadvantages for the North
Who did the Union not want to interfere with the war?
Europeans
What did the Union want European countries to respect?
North’s blockade of Southern ports

19. Disadvantages for the South
What was the population in the South in 1860?
About 9 million
How much of the South’s population was enslaved?
One-third

20. Disadvantages for the South
What problem did the South face after producing food?
Ability to distribute the food
How many Southern rail lines connected the western states to the Confederacy to the east?
One line

21. Disadvantages for the South
Why were most Southern planters unable to buy bonds?
They were in debt
What caused Southern banks not to be able to buy bonds?
They were small and had few cash reserves

22. Disadvantages for the South
How did the South hope to raise money?
Taxing trade
How did the North stop the South in the previous question?
Union Navy blockaded Southern ports

23. Disadvantages for the South
What did the Confederacy impose on property and farm products?
New taxes
What did many Southerners refuse to do?
Refused to pay

24. Disadvantages for the South
What happened to printed Confederate money?
Became almost worthless
What was the inflation rate of money in the South?
9,000%