1. The Russian Revolution

2. Russia-Review Russia Under the Czars Byzantine Influence Mongol Rule
Boyars

3. The Romanovs Autocratic-ruled with unlimited power Resistant to Change
Oppressive rule

4. Alexander II
Moves Russia toward modernization and social change
Freed serfs
Redistributed land

5. Alexander III 1881-1894 Halted all reforms made by his father
Discouraged challenges to his rule by:
Censorship
Secret Police
Political Prisoners-sent to Siberia
Pogroms-Jews

6. Russian Pogroms
Widespread anti-Semitism spread from Europe

7. The anti-Semitic violence of the Russian pogroms drove millions of Jews out of the Russian Empire. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people emigrated to escape army conscription and ethnic tensions, such as the forced assimilation of Hungary's minority groups.

8. Nicholas II & Alexandra (“Russo-Japanese War” 1:23)
Economic Growth
Industrialization
Trans-Siberian Railway
Growth of revolutionary movements: Why?
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
1914 Russia enters WWI
(“Russo-Japanese War” 1:23)
(“Nicholas & War )

9. Review: Russo-Japanese War
Cause-Imperialism
In the late 1800s Russia and Japan were competing for territorial control of Manchuria and Korea
Both nations signed agreements over the territories but Russia violated the treaties and Japan attacked (1904).

10. Review: Russia and WWI 1914-Czar Nicholas engages Russia into WWI
Unprepared to handle the military and economic costs
Weak troops and generals-lacked modern technology
First year-4 million soldiers died
Revolts on the home front forced the Czar to step down ending 300 years of Czarist rule in Russia

11. Rasputin
While Nicholas was dealing with WWI, Rasputin became an influential force in Russian policy making.
Self-proclaimed “holy man”
Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only person who could heal the heir to the throne (hemophilia)
To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key political decisions
Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his increasing role in government affairs

13. Rasputin

14. The Rise of the Bolsheviks
Warm-Up:
Briefly describe the demise of the Romanovs.
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

15. Today’s Special: Russian Revolution!
Ingredients:
Czarist Rule
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Urban Workers
Peasant Unrest
Ideas of Marx
Leadership of Lenin
Bloody Sunday

16. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 St. Petersburg-Czar’s Winter Palace
200,000 workers gathered asking for better working conditions
Czar’s generals fired on the unarmed crowd
More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred killed

17. Impact of Bloody Sunday
Why were Russians outraged?
Led to creation of the Duma-Russia’s first Parliament
Duma’s intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional Monarchy such as Britain.
Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Why?
   

18. The March Revolution
(“1905 Factory Strike” 1:02)

19. The March Revolution March, 1917
200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down
Soldiers sided with the protesters-created general uprising
Czar Nicholas steps down
A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and family-end of 300 year czarist rule
Duma creates provisional government

20. Lenin & the Bolsheviks 2:26
Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl Marx. Main idea; working class (proletariat) would overthrow the Czar and the working class would rule.
Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism
Returns to Russia-1917 after Czar steps down
Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice everything for change
Motto: “Peace, Land, & Bread”
Lenin & the Bolsheviks 2:26

23. Bolshevik Revolution A.K.A. The November Revolution
November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew provisional government
Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power
Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants
The Bolshevik Government signed a treaty with Germany (Brest-Litovsk) and Russia withdrew from WWI
Bolsheviks murdered the Royal family
Lenin Takes Control 5:01

26. Lenin’s Rebuilding of Russia 2:36
Changes…
Lenin’s Rebuilding of Russia 2:36
Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP: New Economic Policy-peasants could sell surplus crops, some private ownership, and encouraged foreign investment)
Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party
Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)
Lenin has stroke (1922)
Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
Stalin wins and rules as dictator

27. Communist Dictatorship
Title: Stalin
Stalin and
Communist Dictatorship

28. Totalitarianism
A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life.
Key traits of a totalitarianism:
Ideology
Dynamic Leader
Dictatorship and One-Party Rule
State Control of Society
Modern Technology
Methods of Enforcement
State Control of Individuals

31. JOSEPH STALIN Rise to Power:
Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of govt. Used ruthless tactics.
Gets rid of rival – Trotsky
Eliminates all other enemies
Builds a totalitarian state
Women gain equal rights

32. 5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry- quotes too high – leads to shortages!
Collective Farms: Cause resistance among Kulaks (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in agriculture
Great Purge: eliminates anyone who threatens his power- uses terror.
Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to collectivization million die!

33. Stalin’s Legacy:
Stalin 21:28
By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the Soviet Union into a political and industrial giant.
Command Economy-government made all economic decisions
He stood unopposed as dictator of his totalitarian state
Total social control was achieved by terror
Goes down in history as one of the world’s worst tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees as a threat)
Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophrenic