1. chapter 1-2, page 23 How do oceans affect climate? How does the North Atlantic Current affect northern Europe? The North Atlantic Current carries warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to northwestern Europe and warms the winds that blow across the ocean, bringing mild climate to northwestern Europe. Areas near oceans have milder weather year-round than areas at same latitude that are far from the ocean.

2. What are the major climate regions of Europe? Why are summers in Barcelona, Spain hot and dry? Barcelona is in the Mediterranean climate region, which is characterized by hot and dry summers. Humid continental, subarctic, arctic, semiarid, marine west coast, Mediterranean, and humid subtropical.

3. Forest, grasslands, tundra, and Mediterranean. What are the vegetation regions of Europe and Russia? How are vegetation regions and climate regions related? Climate affects the type of vegetation that can grow. What geographic feature might lead someone to settle in Europe instead of Russia? Warmer climate.... BONUS Which of these does not apply to Russia? Mediterranean

4. rain shadow steppestundrapermafrost KEY TERMS dry sheltered side of a mountain, little rainfall grasslands of fertile soil in Russia cold, dry, treeless region with snow most of the year permanently frozen layer of ground