1. IB HOA ~ Unit 1, Day 7 Please sit in any group of four. "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.” -Abraham Lincoln, June 16, 1858

2. Students will be able to: …explain the extent to which sectionalism caused the American Civil War.

3. Agenda: collect HW receive some unit handouts…discuss HW due next class brief (preliminary) note-taking historically-simulated, small-group debate: sectionalism – w/ audio information & brief note-taking

4. sectionalism = During the Antebellum Era, refers to when t he U.S. was sectioned off into two competing, ideological regions/constituencies…& Americans had a greater loyalty to their region/section (N or S) than to the country as a whole.

5. USA, beginning of 1818

6. Issue #1: Missouri Compromise What Really Happened Missouri → slave state Maine → free state – So, balance of power maintained in Congress (12 free states & 12 slave states) Congress also drew imaginary line across Louisiana Territory at latitude 36º 30‘… …north of this line, slavery forever banned (except in Missouri) south of this line, slavery permitted

8. Missouri Compromise (1820) ~ a larger view….

11. USA ~ 1845

12. USA, circa 1850

13. Issue #2: Compromise of 1850 (35 mins.) … What Really Happened CA → free state New Mexico & Utah organized as territories open to slavery Slave trade, but not slavery, abolished in Wash., DC – (Congress banned U.S. participation in the slave trade in 1808, but internal trading had continued after this date….) Strong Fugitive Slave Law passed – Anyone aiding a fugitive slave faced severe penalties if caught.

15. An additional map/view…

19. U.S.A. in 1854

23. Dred Scott

24. Issue #3: Dred Scott Case … What Really Happened Supreme Court: – Ruled Scott could not sue b/c not a citizen – Rejected Scott’s argument that his stay in free territory (as est. by Missouri Comp.) had made him free man Why? b/c S. Court found Missouri Compromise unconstitutional – Why? b/c 5th Amend. states property can’t be taken away from ppl. w/out court hearing, & slaves were considered property…so owners should be allowed to take their property anywhere. Chief Justice Roger Taney

25. Note: The “L/D” format is still used among high school Speech & Debate students today.

27. Issue #4: Secession … What Really Happened Lincoln said… – he wouldn’t interfere with slavery where it already existed…. – but he wouldn’t support the extension of anymore slavery, either. – He would support a fugitive slave law. War (unofficially) declared on the rebels (i.e. those southern states that had seceded from the Union)….

28. “I hate the idea of causes, and if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country.” – E. M. Forster “When men take up arms to set other men free, there is something sacred and holy in the warfare.” – Woodrow Wilson