1. Slavery during the time of Civil War

2. Political Effects on slaves and free blacks 1. Missouri Compromise – Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state. This Missouri Compromise also stated that all new states entering the Union with a latitude north of the 36 ○ 30’ line would be free states. 2. Compromise of 1850 – California admitted as a free state; slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C.; stronger fugitive slave laws would be passed to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves.

3. Economic Effects on slaves and free blacks Southern plantation system – relied on slavery; slaves had no property and no rights Northern industrial economy – slave trade abolished in north; large population of free blacks; free blacks could own property and had some rights.

4. Social effects on slaves and free blacks 1. Religion drew slaves together among plantations; communicated through spirituals 2. Racism develops in both the North and South

5. Impact of slavery on different sections of the United States Sectionalism and Civil War: North – *Illegal since the Revolution *Abolitionist societies and newspapers, Underground Railroad *Many were ambivalent Clueless to the plight of slaves/free blacks South - *Economic factor: Slaves viewed as property and labor supply to maintain way of life *Considered a state’s right issue *Fugitive slave laws West - *Fight over whether or not to extend slavery into the territories

6. Dred Scott VS. Sanford Was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1857 which confirmed the status of slaves as property rather than citizens. Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote that a slave could not be heard in federal courts because he was not a citizen and had no protection under the Constitution. Congress had no authority over slavery in the territories, and upon statehood, each territory would determine whether it would be a slave state or a free state. The South favored the decision but the North did not, causing further tension between the North and South.

7. Congressional Response to Dred Scott VS. Sanford The Missouri Compromise (1820) which included provisions to ban slavery in some federal territories was eventually overturned by the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) decision during the Taney court. The legislature responded to the Dred Scott decision with the abolition of slavery through the 13th amendment (1865).