1. REVIEW ASSIGNMENT #2 Putting the Constitution into Effect

2. George Washington  The first President of the United States was George Washington  Washington established the Cabinet – a group of advisors to the President  Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton  Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson

3. Financial Plan  Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan included a National Bank, a protective tariff and an excise (sales) tax on whiskey.  Hamilton’s plan caused controversy.  The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new government intended to enforce national laws.

4.  After serving two terms of office, Washington did NOT run for a third term as President;  A tradition that was not broken until Franklin Roosevelt - 1940  This led to the passage of the 22 nd Amendment which limits the president to two terms

5. Washington’s Farewell Address  Washington warned of two things:  A. no foreign alliances  B. No political parties

6.  During Washington’s Presidency, the first national debate began between the “strict and “loose” constructionists. How did each group view the Constitution? Give a modern day example of each view.

7. Strict Constructionist  Strict Constructionist  Government can only do those things that are specifically stated in the Constitution  2 nd Amendment  Right to bear arms means allowing people to own guns

8.  Loose Constructionist  Favor looking at the Constitution broadly and allowing it to meet changing times  Modern Example-  Patriot Act  Social Security

9. Political Parties  Political Parties developed through custom and tradition  The first two parties were the Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson

10. Three Main Ideas of each political party:  Federalists  1. strong national government  2. favored national bank  3. wealthy and well-educated men should lead  Dem-Republicans  1. strong state government  2. opposed the national bank  3. Common man should lead

11. Louisiana Purchase  President Jefferson overcame his strict constructionist views in order to purchase Louisiana which doubled the size of the United States.

12. Judicial Interpretation  Court Case  Marbury v. Madison  McCulloch v. Maryland  Gibbons v. Ogden  Decision  Established judicial review  Strengthened national supremacy and the use of the elastic clause  Expanded the power of the national government in commerce

13. War of 1812  War of 1812 demonstrated that the United States was becoming a more powerful nation.

14. Monroe Doctrine  In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was introduced, which became the foundation of the United States’ foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine called for:  An end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere  NO intervention by Europe in existing nations in the Western Hemisphere