1. Slide 2-1 UNIT 2: THE ANALYTICAL SIZEUP PROCESS

2. Slide 2-2 OBJECTIVES The students will: Discuss the scientific method.Discuss the scientific method. Describe the primary sizeup factors and determine their impact on objectives and strategies.Describe the primary sizeup factors and determine their impact on objectives and strategies. Analyze the command sequence action planning cycle.Analyze the command sequence action planning cycle.

3. Slide 2-3 USE THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observe the facts.Observe the facts. Test the accuracy of the facts through observation.Test the accuracy of the facts through observation. If the facts are accurate, logical hypotheses can be deduced.If the facts are accurate, logical hypotheses can be deduced. If hypothesis is proved true, outcomes may be predicted in similar situations.If hypothesis is proved true, outcomes may be predicted in similar situations. These hypotheses are called principles.These hypotheses are called principles.

4. Slide 2-4 PRIMARY FACTORS CHART Introduce the Primary Factors Chart

5. Slide 2-5

6. Slide 2-6 PRIMARY FACTORS (SIZEUP) Column 1: The conditions and elements that should be recognized and evaluated on arrival and during operations.

7. Slide 2-7 INCIDENT OBJECTIVES Column 2: Safe Removal of Occupants: When life hazard for occupants is the limiting or strategic factor.Safe Removal of Occupants: When life hazard for occupants is the limiting or strategic factor. Contain and Control Fire to Room/Building of Origin: No life hazard for occupants, and fire is considered to be controllable by a direct or indirect attack.Contain and Control Fire to Room/Building of Origin: No life hazard for occupants, and fire is considered to be controllable by a direct or indirect attack. Contain, Control, and Limit Fire in Exposures: No life hazard for occupants and the situation is temporarily uncontrollable.Contain, Control, and Limit Fire in Exposures: No life hazard for occupants and the situation is temporarily uncontrollable.

8. Slide 2-8 INCIDENT STRATEGIES INCIDENT STRATEGIES Column 3: RescueRescue Exposure protectionExposure protection Confine/ExtinguishConfine/Extinguish OverhaulOverhaul VentilationVentilation SalvageSalvage

9. Slide 2-9 Primary Factors Strategic Activities MAKING DECISIONS OBJECTIVES

10. Slide 2-10 PRIMARY FACTORS Evaluating the effect of the primary factors on incident strategies.

11. Slide 2-11 LIMITS LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS Risks to firefighters, ranging from merely unusual to extreme, may be warranted.LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS Risks to firefighters, ranging from merely unusual to extreme, may be warranted. NO LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS Firefighters are never to be jeopardized unnecessarily.NO LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS Firefighters are never to be jeopardized unnecessarily.

12. Slide 2-12

13. Slide 2-13 LIFE HAZARD What effect would "status of occupants" have on your strategy? What effect would "status of occupants" have on your strategy? What effect would "firefighter safety" have on your strategy? What effect would "firefighter safety" have on your strategy?

14. Slide 2-14

15. Slide 2-15 LOCATION OF FIRE ON ARRIVAL Fire buildingFire building ExposuresExposures What effect would "location of fire on arrival" have on the strategy?

16. Slide 2-16 EXTENT OF FIRE AFTER ARRIVAL Fire buildingFire building ExposuresExposures What effect would "extent of fire after arrival" have on your strategy?

17. Slide 2-17 CONSTRUCTION ResidentialResidential CommercialCommercial What is the effect of "ordinary construction" on objectives?

18. Slide 2-18

19. Slide 2-19 ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION - MODERN

20. Slide 2-20 CONSTRUCTION (cont'd) What is the effect of "wood-frame construction"on objectives?

21. Slide 2-21

22. Slide 2-22 CONSTRUCTION (cont'd) What is the effect of "fire-resistive construction" on objectives?

23. Slide 2-23 Fire-resistive Construction

24. Slide 2-24 Spray-on Fireproofing

25. Slide 2-25 Enclosed Stairs

26. Slide 2-26 CONSTRUCTION (cont'd) What effect would "non- combustible construction" have on your strategy?

27. Slide 2-27

28. Slide 2-28 CONSTRUCTION (cont'd) What is the effect of "buildings under construction" on objectives?

29. Slide 2-29 Building Under Construction

30. Slide 2-30 CONSTRUCTION (cont'd) What is the effect of "buildings under demolition" on objectives?

31. Slide 2-31 Building Under Demolition

32. Slide 2-32 OCCUPANCY Type of occupancyType of occupancy Contents of structure (fire load)Contents of structure (fire load) ExposuresExposures What effect would "occupancy" have on your strategies?

33. Slide 2-33 HEIGHT Fire buildingFire building ExposuresExposures What effect would "height of building" have on your strategy?

34. Slide 2-34 AREA Fire buildingFire building ExposuresExposures What effect would "area of building" have on your strategy?

35. Slide 2-35 STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE Fire buildingFire building ExposuresExposures Collapse zoneCollapse zone Apparatus placementApparatus placement What effect would "structural collapse" have on your strategy?

36. Slide 2-36 WEATHER Low temperaturesLow temperatures High temperaturesHigh temperatures RainRain WindWind What effect would "weather" have on your strategy?

37. Slide 2-37 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS WaterWater ApparatusApparatus EquipmentEquipment PersonnelPersonnel Special extinguishing agentsSpecial extinguishing agents What effect would "resource requirements" have on your strategy?

38. Slide 2-38 AUXILIARY APPLIANCES Sprinkler systemsSprinkler systems Pressurization of stairways or other building areasPressurization of stairways or other building areas What effect would "auxiliary appliances" have on your strategy?

39. Slide 2-39 TOPOGRAPHY Steeply graded streets/roadsSteeply graded streets/roads Leveling portable ladders on gradesLeveling portable ladders on grades Congested streets/roadsCongested streets/roads Snow/Ice covered streets/roadsSnow/Ice covered streets/roads. What effect would "topography" have on your strategy?

40. Slide 2-40 EXPLOSIONS Smoke explosionsSmoke explosions Bomb explosionsBomb explosions What effect would "explosions" have on your strategy?

41. Slide 2-41 DURATION OF OPERATIONS Long-duration incidents are difficult to deal with.Long-duration incidents are difficult to deal with. May indicate heavy involvement and structural collapse.May indicate heavy involvement and structural collapse. Maximizes the exposure hazard.Maximizes the exposure hazard. Consider relief for personnel.Consider relief for personnel. What effect would "duration of operations" have on your strategy?

42. Slide 2-42

43. Slide 2-43 COMMAND SEQUENCE CYCLE Poor use of resourcesPoor use of resources Inappropriate strategiesInappropriate strategies Safety problemsSafety problems High incident costsHigh incident costs Lower effectivenessLower effectiveness Critical factors of incident operations are often overlooked (or not given enough emphasis). This can result in:

44. Slide 2-44 COMMAND SEQUENCE CYCLE (cont'd) Consists of six sequential steps: 1.Understanding the situation 2.Establishing incident objectives 3.Developing strategy 4.Directing tactical and resource assignments 5.Implementing the plan 6.Evaluating the plan

45. Slide 2-45 COMMAND SEQUENCE

46. Slide 2-46 Sizeup COMMAND SEQUENCE (cont'd)

47. Slide 2-47 UNDERSTANDING THE SITUATION Involves knowing: What has occurredWhat has occurred If the incident will expand (or get smaller)If the incident will expand (or get smaller) Present (and future) resource and organizational needsPresent (and future) resource and organizational needs

48. Slide 2-48 COMMAND SEQUENCE Sizeup Problem ID

49. Slide 2-49 The analysis and comparison of incident primary factors and cues are the basis for problem identification. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

50. Slide 2-50 COMMAND SEQUENCE Sizeup Establish Objectives Develop Strategy Select Tactics Problem ID

51. Slide 2-51 ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES "What is an objective?"

52. Slide 2-52 ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES (cont'd) "What is an objective?" Answers the question "What can be accomplished when all allocated resources have been effectively deployed?"

53. Slide 2-53 ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES (cont'd) Objectives must be AttainableAttainable MeasurableMeasurable Flexible and broadFlexible and broad

54. Slide 2-54 IDENTIFYING INCIDENT STRATEGY "What is strategy?" Answers the question "What needs to be done, and describes the method (activities) that should be employed to accomplish the objective?"

55. Slide 2-55 IDENTIFYING INCIDENT STRATEGY (cont'd) For small incidents: This is the sole responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC)/Company Officer (CO). For large incidents: Members of the General Staff will contribute incident strategies. RescueRescue Exposure protectionExposure protection ConfineConfine ExtinguishExtinguish OverhaulOverhaul VentilationVentilation

56. Slide 2-56 TACTICAL DIRECTIONS AND RESOURCE ASSIGNMENTS "What is a tactic?" Answers the question "How are we going to accomplish the strategy?"

57. Slide 2-57 TACTICAL DIRECTIONS Tactical direction includes determining tactics necessary for selected strategy and assigning appropriate resources.Tactical direction includes determining tactics necessary for selected strategy and assigning appropriate resources. Developed around specific operational periods.Developed around specific operational periods. Large incidents may last for some time.Large incidents may last for some time. Tactical directions should be realistic.Tactical directions should be realistic. Resource assignments will be made for each of the specific tasks.Resource assignments will be made for each of the specific tasks.

58. Slide 2-58 COMMAND SEQUENCE Action Plan Establish Objectives Develop Strategy Select Tactics Problem ID Sizeup

59. Slide 2-59 COMMAND SEQUENCE (cont'd) Implementation Action Plan Establish Objectives Develop Strategy Select Tactics Problem ID Sizeup

60. Slide 2-60 IMPLEMENTATION Communicating assignments clearly.Communicating assignments clearly. Ensure assignments are understood.Ensure assignments are understood. Obtain timely feedback.Obtain timely feedback.

61. Slide 2-61 COMMAND SEQUENCE Implementation Establish Objectives Develop Strategy Select Tactics Problem ID Sizeup Evaluate the Plan Action Plan

62. Slide 2-62 EVALUATING THE PLAN Is the strategy attaining the overall objectives?Is the strategy attaining the overall objectives? Are the appropriate tactics facilitating the strategy?Are the appropriate tactics facilitating the strategy? Does the plan need to be modified or adjusted?Does the plan need to be modified or adjusted? Continue the sizeup and evaluate the effectiveness of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) (evaluate every 10 minutes).Continue the sizeup and evaluate the effectiveness of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) (evaluate every 10 minutes).

63. Slide 2-63 ESTABLISHING AN ACTION PLAN Walk-around Hypothetical house fire

64. Slide 2-64 EXAMPLE OF OBJECTIVES Occupied house fire: Two-story occupied dwelling, 20' x 40', ordinary construction, fire located living room area first floor, Side D, report of occupants trapped in second floor bedroom, Side B. No external exposures. Incident objectives: Safe removal of occupants.Safe removal of occupants. Contain and control fire to room/building of origin.Contain and control fire to room/building of origin.

65. Slide 2-65

66. Slide 2-66 EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIES Example of strategies for objective # 1: safe removal of occupants Strategy #1--RescueStrategy #1--Rescue Strategy #2--Confine/ExtinguishStrategy #2--Confine/Extinguish Strategy #3--VentilationStrategy #3--Ventilation

67. Slide 2-67 EXAMPLE OF TACTICS For objective # 1 the strategy and tactics may be RescueRescue – Tactic # 1--Deploy search/rescue group to upper floors. – Tactic # 2--Deploy a 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first floor for stairwell/occupant protection. VentilationVentilation – Tactic # 3--Ventilate stairwell (if possible) and Side B to support occupant removal.

68. Slide 2-68 EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIES Strategy # 1--Confine/ExtinguishStrategy # 1--Confine/Extinguish Strategy # 2--VentilationStrategy # 2--Ventilation Strategy # 3--SalvageStrategy # 3--Salvage Example of strategies for objective # 2: contain and control fire to room/building of origin

69. Slide 2-69 EXAMPLE OF TACTICS For objective # 2 the strategy and tactics may be: Confine/ExtinguishConfine/Extinguish –Tactic # 1--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first floor Side D for confinement/extinguishment. –Tactic # 2--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to second floor Side D for interior exposure protection. VentilationVentilation –Tactic # 3--Vertical ventilation of roof apertures and horizontal ventilation first and second floor. SalvageSalvage –Tactic # 4--Positive ventilation with proper use of fans. –Tactic # 5--Use of salvage covers and control of water runoff.

70. Slide 2-70 SUMMARY Scientific method of sizeupScientific method of sizeup Primary Factors chartPrimary Factors chart Making decisionsMaking decisions Evaluating primary factorsEvaluating primary factors Command Sequence CycleCommand Sequence Cycle