1. 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
QUIT 11
CHAPTER
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
SECTION 1
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
SECTION 2
Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
GRAPH
SECTION 3
Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
Visual Summary

2. 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
HOME 11
CHAPTER
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
Chapter Overview
The Roman Empire splits in two and the Byzantine Empire develops in the East. Through trade, Byzantine ideas influence the culture and religion of Russia. Turks adopt Islam and set up an empire in Persia and the eastern flank of Byzantium. Christians and Muslims battle during the Crusades. Mongol invaders bring down the Turks.

3. 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500 HOME Time Line
CHAPTER
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
Time Line
850s Byzantine culture spreads to Russia.
1240 Kiev destroyed by Mongols.
500
1500
527 Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire.
1054 Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Orthodox branches.
1480 Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.

4. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
MAP
Key Idea
The Byzantine Empire, or new Rome, develops in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. The emperor of the new Rome builds up eastern culture. The Church splits into the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches.
Overview
Assessment

5. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome Overview 1 • Justinian Code
HOME 1
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Justinian Code
• Hagia Sophia
• patriarch
• icon
• iconoclast
• excommunication
• schism
• Cyrillic alphabet
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Constantinople ruled an eastern empire that survived for over a thousand years.
Byzantine culture deeply influenced Orthodox Christianity, a major branch of modern Christianity.
Assessment

6. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome 1 1
HOME 1
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List Justinian’s accomplishments as emperor of the New Rome.
Justinian
Conquered most of Italy
and parts of Spain
Rebuilt Constantinople’s
fortifications
Built aqueducts, courts,
schools, hospitals
Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia
Established Justinian Code
Encouraged trade, education
Enlarged his palace
continued . . .

7. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome 1 1
HOME 1
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
2. Why do you think Justinian decided in the late 520s that it was the right time to reform Roman law?
THINK ABOUT
• the situation of the empire
• the role of laws in societies
• the state of Roman laws before reform
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• The Byzantine Empire had a separate government and character from that of the West. It needed its own organized system of laws to regulate life in this new era.
• Roman law was disorganized and contradictory and so needed reform.
continued . . .

8. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome 1 1
HOME 1
Byzantium Becomes
the New Rome
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
3. Do you think the differences between the Eastern and Western churches could have been reconciled before the Church split? Why?
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Yes—Both sides could have united over the icon issue.
No—Differences in beliefs about divorce and marriage for priests might have been too deep for compromise.
End of Section 1

9. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture Key Idea 2
HOME 2
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
Key Idea
Russian culture develops from a blending of Slavic and Viking peoples. Through trade, Greek Byzantine culture influences Russian culture. Before the Mongol invasions, Kiev is the center of Russian culture. Eventually, Moscow becomes the dominant cultural center.
Overview
Assessment

10. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture Overview 2 • Slavs • boyars • Olga
HOME 2
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Slavs
• boyars
• Olga
• Vladimir
• Yaroslav the Wise
• Alexander Nevsky
• czar
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Russia grew out of a blending of Slavic and Byzantine cultures with Eastern Orthodox traditions.
The early history of Russia separated it from the West, causing mutual misunder-standings that still exist today.
Assessment

11. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture 2 2
HOME 2
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the effects of Mongol rule in Russia.
Nobles
Church
People
Moscow Princes
Collected tribute;
put down revolts
Tolerated by
Mongols; acted
as link between
Mongols and
Russians
Paid high taxes;
developed a
devotion to icons
Became tax
collectors for
Mongols; gained
control of small
states around
Moscow
continued . . .

12. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture 2 2
HOME 2
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
Section 2
Assessment
2. How did Vladimir’s conversion to Christianity affect the citizens, society, and government of Kiev? THINK ABOUT
• the laws he passed
• the customs he encouraged
• the policies he followed
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Vladimir’s subjects were required to convert to Christianity.
• Byzantine teachers taught religion to the Kievans.
• The prince became head of the Church in Kiev.
continued . . .

13. Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture 2 2
HOME 2
Russians Adapt
Byzantine Culture
Section 2
Assessment
3. The Mongols were fierce conquerors, and their rule cut Russia off from the rest of the world. Even so, their policies helped to pull Russia together as a territory. How? THINK ABOUT
• Mongol policies in Russia
• the Church’s attitude toward the Mongols
• the role and power of the nobility
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Independent principalities were unified.
• Russian religion and culture were preserved.
• The Church sanctioned Mongol rule, thus giving its approval to the new unified territory.
• The nobility retained some authority.
End of Section 2

14. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
GRAPH
Key Idea
Nomadic Turks known as Seljuks capture Baghdad from the Persians. The Turks and Persians form a strong bond because of the Turks’ support of Persian culture. A lack of leadership, the Crusades, and Mongol invasions bring an end to the Seljuk Empire.
Overview
Assessment

15. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia Overview 3 • mamelukes • Seljuks
HOME 3
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• mamelukes
• Seljuks
• vizier
• Malik Shah
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Turkish people converted to Islam and founded new empires that would renew Muslim civilization.
In the 20th century, the collapse of the Turkish empire left ethnic and religious hostilities that still affect the world.
Assessment

16. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia 3 3
HOME 3
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List several events in the last 200 years of the Abassid Empire.
756
Spain
breaks
away.
788
Morocco
breaks
away.
800
Tunisia
breaks
away.
809
Parts of
Persia
are lost.
868
Abbasids
lose control
of Egypt.
945
Baghdad
falls to
Persians.
continued . . .

17. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia 3 3
HOME 3
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
2. In what ways would it be accurate to say that the Persians actually won over their Turkish conquerors?
THINK ABOUT
• religion
• culture
• political influence
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• The Turks looked to the Persians for religious and cultural guidance.
• The Turks adopted the language and customs of the Persians.
• Persians held powerful offices in the Turkish government.
continued . . .

18. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia 3 3
HOME 3
Turkish Empires Rise
in Anatolia
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
3. Between Abbasid and Mongol rule, Baghdad was occupied and governed by four different powers—Abbasids, Persians, Seljuks, and Mongols. Summarize important events and features of those occupations.
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Abbasids—Made Baghdad their capital; mamelukes gained power over Abbasid caliphs.
Persians—Captured Baghdad in 945; caliph lost political power to the sultan.
Seljuks—Captured Baghdad in 1055; supported Persian culture
Mongols—Occupied Baghdad in 1258; burned down the caliph’s palace and executed the last caliph
End of Section 3