1. Apartheid in South Africa

2. What does Apartheid mean? Separate Racial segregation

3. Causes Discovery of diamonds led to an English invasion to South Africa. British granted S. Africa independence in 1910 but gave power only to white people. The Nationalist Party was formed and took power in 1948.

4. Goal “White domination” was the goal of apartheid.

5. Affects Most jobs were “white only” jobs. Parks, beaches, buses, trains, etc were separate. Black children were not given an equal education. Blacks were forced to live in separate areas called homelands. Blacks could be arrested if they protested.

6. Citizen Involvement Revolts There were protests for more than 40 years. Riots killed many people.

7. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela led the protests against the government He was sent to prison for 27 years for treason He was released from prison in 1990 and was then elected the first black president of South Africa in 1994

8. U.S. Involvement Trade restrictions against South Africa The U.S. demanded the release of Nelson Mandela

9. Sanctions (measures taken to ensure compliance) A ban on African imports Prohibited American business investments in South Africa

10. End of Apartheid Pressure from countries around the world and violence within the country led to the end of apartheid laws In 1994 the first democratic elections were held Nelson Mandela was elected President

11. BlacksWhites Population19 million4.5 million Land Allocation13 %87 % Share of National Income <20 percent75 percent Doctors / pop1 / 44,0001 / 400 Infant mortality rate20% (urban) 40% (rural) 2.7 % Annual expenditure on education per pupil $45 per pupil$696 per pupil Teacher / Pupil ratio1 / 601 / 22

12. Even though there were more black people living in South Africa they were considered a minority group. The group with the wealth and power (the whites) were considered a majority