1. Memory
“ We do not remember days, we remember moments. The richness of life lies in memories we have forgotten.”
- Cesare Pavese

2. Memory Systems Explicit Implicit Intentional recollection
Conscious effort
Hippocampus involved
Ex: remembering vocabulary for a psych quiz
Implicit
Remembering things you didn’t intend to store
Unconscious processes involved
Unaffected by amnesia, age, or drugs
Cerebellum involved
Ex: What did you have for dinner last night?
Ex: Motor skills

3. Memory Systems
Declarative (Endel Tulving)- factual information handled by hippocampus & areas of the cortex
Episodic- personal facts and experiences
Like an autobiography
Maybe unique to humans
Ex: first day of school
Semantic- general, factual knowledge
Ex: knowing the state capitals
Like an encyclopedia
NonDeclarative/Pro-cedural- actions and skills (muscle memory)
Little conscious awareness
Ex: riding a bike
Performance decreases if you think too much
Doesn’t decline much
Cerebellum and amygdala

4. Retrospective v. Prospective Memory
Remembering events from the past or previously learned info
Ex: who won the Super Bowl last year?
Remembering to perform actions in the future
Ex: walk the dog

5. 3 Key Processes of Memory
Encoding Storage Retrieval
Encoding- forming a memory code
Storage- maintaining encoded information over time
Retrieval- recovering information from memory stores

6. Encoding Experiment Time! Levels of Processing Encoding Techniques
Structural
Phonemic
Semantic (deepest level)
Encoding Techniques
Elaboration
Visual Imagery- concrete v. abstract words
Dual Coding Theory- memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes
Self-referent encoding- deciding if info is personally relevant

7. Storage
Information Processing Theory- incoming information passes through 2 temporary areas of storage (sensory & short-term) and then is transferred to long-term storage
Sensory Short Term Long Term
(working)

9. Sensory Memory
Allows sensation to linger for a brief moment after stimulus is presented
Less than a second
Ex: afterimage
Experiment with Trigrams!

10. Practice Round
AGB
TJK
WLP

11. MIDDLE
TJK

12. Round 1
MKL
WDC
BGT

13. BOTTOM
BGT

14. Round 2
ZXA
QKI
NHY

15. TOP
ZXA

16. Round 3
XCV
BHY
OTR

17. TOP
XCV

18. Round 4
DWS
VFT
GXC

19. BOTTOM
GXC

20. Round 5
FVG
HYU
AVH

21. MIDDLE
HYU

22. Round 6
KRG
XDT
WLP

23. BOTTOM
WLP

24. Short-term memory (STM)
Limited capacity (7-9 items)
Limited duration (up to 20 sec.)
Rehearsal causes STM to last longer
Interference
EXPERIMENT!
Chunking
Serial-Position Effect (primacy/recency)

25. Bed- Rest- Awake- Tired- Dream- Snooze- Blanket- Doze- Slumber- Snore- Nap- Yawn- Drowsy-

26. Nurse
Sick
Lawyer
Medicine
Health
Hospital
Dentist
Physician
Ill
Patient
Doctor
Office
Stethoscope
Surgeon
Clinic

28. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Unlimited capacity over long periods of time
Flashbulb Memories- vivid & detailed recollections of momentous events in our life
Schema (prototype)- mental categories about a particular object based on a particular experience
Stored info is often organized around schemas
Semantic Network- related concepts are joined closer together

29. Semantic Network