1. Check lists & Course evaluation Sergio Pizziconi

2. Plan of the day Plan - Review - A portfolio checklist - Structure of the paper - Review - A portfolio checklist - Structure of the paper EXTRA-CLASS work: Keep working on your project. Complete your portfolios. SURVEY https://it.surveymonkey.com/s/ABCCSITA

3. Review: Phonology 1 Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to / ɒ / (lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce  pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)

4. Review: Phonology 2 SOURCE: CONSONANTS References …….. CONSONANTS = Table of English consonants, retrieved URL: https://www.llas.ac.uk/materialsbank/mb081/page_07.htm (accessed May 14, 2014). ……...

5. Review: Morphology 1 IRREGULAR VERBS: choose – chose – chosen; seek – sought – sought; Grow - ????? - ??????; Show- ????? - ??????; Know - ????? - ?????? [report the paradigm of irregular verbs you write in your maps] ADJ+ly  ADV; N+ly  ADJ // V+er  N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and most words)  V (google  to google; wow  to wow) // V + ance/ence  N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful // Adj+ en  V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) // WRONG: I want to show the differents between BMW and FIAT RIGHT????? Adj(max2syll.) + er  Adj (comparative: more Adj) Adj(max2syll.) + est  Adj (superlative: most Adj) BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst // Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis, Axis /s/ unvoiced Plural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses Axes /z/ voiced // Datum (sing.) Data (pl.) Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)

6. Review: Morphology 2 Personal Pr. subject I you he she it we you (all) they who Personal Pr. Non - subject me you him her it us you (all) them whom Reflexive myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Possessive Adjectives my your his her its our your their Possessive Pronouns mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs Sets of personal pronouns and possessive

7. Review: Morphology 3 Possessive My Your His Her Its Our Your Their Luke’s mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs Tony’s car is affordableis expensive

8. Review: Morphology 4 Verb tenses 1 Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) NOW Past Non-Past I go to school tomorrow I go to school everyday In 1776 the USA declare their independence Try to be as consistent as possible!

9. Review: Morphology 5 Verb tenses 2 Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) NOW Past Non-Past Futurity: I go to school tomorrow I am going to school tomorrow I’m going to go to school tomorrow I will go to school tomorrow

10. Review: Morphology 6 Tense-aspect 3 They usually refer to a habitual action: I go to school [as my main activity today] I went to school last year [as my main activity then] To remark habits in the past: I used to go to school last year I would go to school everyday Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) NOW Past Non-Past

11. Review: Morphology 7 Tense-aspect 4 Simple Continuous/Progressive Habitual process On-going process: To be + V-ing NOW Their price is decreasing When I bought the shares, their price was decreasing Their price will be decreasing

12. Review: Morphology 8 Tense-aspect 5 Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing NOW I have started this project two weeks ago The deadline was yesterday but I had started the project two months ago When you will be back, they will have finished the project Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed

13. Review: Morphology 9 Tense-aspect 6 Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing NOW I have started this project two weeks ago The deadline was yesterday but I had started the project two months ago When you will be back, they will have finished the project Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed I started the project two months ago because the deadline was yesterday

14. I have been working on this project for four weeks I have been working on this project since last month (2013) Review: Morphology 10 Duration form 7 Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing NOW Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect continuous Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed Some link with present and on-going : To have + BEEN + V-ing BUT: I have known you all since March 10 th OR: M&M’s has been in the market for a long time

15. Review: Morphology 11 Relative Pronouns Who/whom for people That (restrictive) Which (non-restrictive) Whose possessive – Skoda, whose previous Unique SELLING Proposition was very low price cars, decided to be more aggressive – NOT FOR SUBMISSION write a sentence using whose

16. Review: Syntax 1 Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object, Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)// AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS to have (e.g., Things have changed) BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few constructions (e.g., are you finished?) // Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. To bring about = to cause, to engender (causare, determinare) // Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +….. Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form) Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form) N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to do Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) // What brings about unemployement? (what = SUBJECT) What does unemployment bring about? (what = ????) WRONG: I’m interesting in fashion RIGHT: ???? Avoid breaking the S-V connection with a subordinate clause (different from a relative clause) {See example in the next slide}

17. Review: Syntax 1bis AVOID THIS: ASOS, by implementing new technological devices, reduced resistance to online purchases. Move the subordinate either before or after the “main” clause: By implementing new technological devices, ASOS reduced resistances to online purchases. ASOS reduced resistances to online purchases by implementing new technological devices. But you can have a relative clause: ASOS, which has improved its web-site, succeeded in overcoming resistances to online purchases. Avoid breaking the S-V connection with a subordinate clause (different from a relative clause) {See example in the next slide}

18. Review: Syntax 2 Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands // Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village was… In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for possessive case and article]// TRANSITIVE: to raise (raised – raised); to lay (laid – laid) INTRANSITIVE: to rise (rose – risen); to lie (lay – lain) (lying) N.B.: to lie (to say something untrue) (lied – lied) (lying)

19. Review: Syntax 3 Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should + BARE INFINITIVE (without to) Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?) Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go) They do not take to before or after: WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONG WRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG They do not take –s for 3° person singular WRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONG They have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality: Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK I want TO focus/analyze I would like TO focus/analyze

20. Review: syntax 4 S V (D.O.) (I.O.) Why? Where? When? How? On what condition? (Att) Links within the text About the relation between interlocutors CircumstancesTextual markers General structure of the sentence

21. What sentence constituent is the underlined subordinate clause replacing? – I think (that) you can do excellent projects – Io penso che … – Can you replace “that” (“che”) with “which” (“il/la/i/le quale/i”)? What’s the difference between the two uses of “honestly” below? – Honestly, I don’t think you can win the game – I don’t think you can honestly win the game Review: Syntax 5 D.O. replacing subordinate clause Discourse Marker (relation to interlocutors) Vs. Circumstance

22. Review: Syntax 6 We have already sold the books that we received XXXX yesterday We have already sold the books that XXXX were delivered yesterday A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase A relative pronoun A clause with a missing element A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase A relative pronoun A clause with a missing element Basic relative clauses

23. Review: Syntax 7 Omitted relative pronoun: – From AMWAY: These distributors sell to people [that/whom] they know or meet. Whiz (omitted which and auxiliary to be): – From BIC: Most large companies produce a variety of goods and services XXX XXX [which are] designed to meet customers’ needs… Fused relative pronoun: – From BIC: This case study shows how [the way in which] BIC understands product life cycles Other details about relative clauses

24. Review: Syntax 8 Try to figure out what the pair below has to do with relative clauses: Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive The car that is parked in front of the department is mine My car, which is parked in front of the department, is a FIAT Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive

25. Review: Syntax 9 Conditional sentences If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you If I knew it, I would say it to you If I had known it, I would have said it to you Negative infinitive and ing-form To go is your best choice NOT TO go is your best choice Developing the product is a risk NOT developing the product is a higher risk

26. Review: Pragmatics 1/1 Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression). // How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup?  It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)// FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her]. INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.

27. Review: Pragmatics (Appendix) Pragmatics: InformalFormal GreetingsSup? Wassup? What’s up? How you doing? How is it going? How are you doing ? Good morning/afternoon/e vening Intro“(very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you! How do you do? Parting after first meeting (very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!

28. Review: Tools 1/1 Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // Semantics of prototypes // www.thefreedictionary.com Google advanced search: with pdf and site:.edu (US universities) or.ac.edu (UK universities) SUNECO’s library’s link to “online sources” (Open access journals)

29. FOEs 1 - Information (uncountable: much information NOT many informations, NOT an information) -Economy Vs Economics -Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous actions) - Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through (space; means/tool) -Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school) -I study English Vs I study the English language -Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form) - A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour. - Principal (of a secondary school), head, chair (of a Department), dean (of a college) president (of a university)

30. FOEs 2 - I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school - Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of) - Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun) -Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In fact it’s the largest (  A dire il vero) -Industry usually means productive sector. Plant, factory (are the words for the place where things are manufactured) -When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses -Matricola (the person) = freshman/freshmen -Matricola (the number) = Student ID number

31. FOEs 3 What’s wrong in the sentence below? – WRONG Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission. You need a subject! Io sono d’accordo  I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree] A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch] Possessive case: The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book

32. FOEs 4 (charts) Fall – fell – fallen WRONG: his trend is regular RIGHT: ???? ITA: media  ENG: mean (on average) Price varies according to volume WRONG: It is steadily for the first part RIGHT: It is steady. It levels steadily. It is steadily high. WRONG: After there is a slowly fall RIGHT: ???? WRONG: Before it varies RIGHT: ???? PREPOSITIONS AprilMay June IN June ON May 23rd DURING the month AT the end of June

33. FOEs 5 One – first 1 st Two – second 2 nd Three – third 3 rd Four – fourth 4 th …… Twenty one – Twenty first 21 st Twenty two – Twenty second 22 nd Twenty third – Twenty third 23 rd Twenty four – Twenty fourth 24 th …. Thirty one – Thirty first 31 st …..

34. FOEs 6 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MARKETING DOMESTICALLY DOMESTIC FLIGHTS To enter If it refers to s.o. or s.t. that moves into a place, to enter is transitive and the place is the DIR.OBJ. without preposition: A company enters the market But if it has other specific meanings: Therefore, McDonald’s Restaurant Managers need to ensure that the data [that] they enter [data] into the system is as accurate as possible. Relative clause Dir.Obj.

35. Review: Acconto: Down-payment or Advance payment? I would like our extended community of knowledge to solve the issue. Let’s state the issue by looking at the definitions of the two English words in the financial dictionary. The conclusion might also be along the lines: From a logical/semantic point of view, we should not use “advance payment”. However, language use is different in this specific domain.

36. Portfolio’s checklist Portfolio. At the end of the course you will be asked to submit your portfolio which will comprise at least the following material: Exercises and reports of the in-class activities with my comments and initials (at least: 60% of all the exercises/reports you will be requested in class) Texts generated for your project (at least: abstract/proposal, final paper, slides for a presentation) A lexicon structured according to your own organizing criteria (mandatory) Your curriculum vitae (mandatory) Two cover/application letters: one for a corporate position, the other for a graduate program abroad (at least one) A statement of goals for a graduate program, such as an MBA (Master’s degree in Business Administration) (mandatory) A table of contents and commentary (at least 400 words maximum 800) on the material included in your portfolio (mandatory)

37. Statement of goals 100 is the total number of bits of information you write 80 must talk about your future 20 must talk about your past and present The difficulty is to avoid granted and naïve rhetoric (i.e., “My favorite colors are Green, White and Red because they are the colors of our flag”

38. Paper outline & Presentation slides draft The blocks I expect in your projects – Introduction – Literature review – Hypothesis/es OR research question/s – (Methodology) – Data/results – Discussion – Conclusion – References Title and your name Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx

39. Passive 1 Bush decreases gas price Gas price was decreased Obama decreases gas price The biased intransitive solution Gas price decreases

40. Passive 2 It was reported to Dr. Smith and me that doors are still being left unlocked. Please, make sure you’re locking up after yourselves. You can also help Dr. Smith and me by keeping your eyes open for unlocked doors in unattended rooms – lock them up or let someone in the main office know so we can lock up. Why do we need the passive voice here? NOT FOR SUBMISSION: Re-write the first sentence turning both verbs into the active voice.

41. Passive 3 It was reported to Dr. Smith and me that doors are still being left unlocked. Please, make sure you’re locking up after yourselves. You can also help Dr. Smith and me by keeping your eyes open for unlocked doors in unattended rooms – lock them up or let someone in the main office know so we can lock up. Mr/Mrs Green OR Somebody reported to Dr. Smith and me that Mr/Mrs White OR somebody is still leaving doors unlocked……

42. Passive 4 UPDATE: Sexual Assault Reported on Campus Commerce, TEXAS (March 24, 2011)- After a comprehensive and thorough investigation into the sexual assault reported on March 8, the University Police Department has determined that the report was false and the described assault did not occur. While all reports are taken seriously, the university community is urged to remember that false reports carry a penalty under Texas State Law. Although this assault did not occur we continue to encourage the university community to use standard precautions when walking across campus at night, to travel in pairs and report any suspicious behavior to the University PD at 903-886-5868.

43. Passive 5 UPDATE: Sexual Assault Reported on Campus Commerce, TEXAS (March 24, 2011)- After a comprehensive and thorough investigation into the sexual assault [which was] reported on March 8, the University Police Department has determined that the report was false and the described assault did not occur. While all reports are taken seriously, the university community is urged to remember that false reports carry a penalty under Texas State Law. NOT FOR SUBMISSION: Re-write the two sentences turning the three verbs into the active voice. Why do we need the passive voice here? {explain the two reasons}

44. Same structure/similar terms Terminology activity The completed map MUST be in your portfolio Same structure/different terms Different structure/Transparent terms Different structure/Opaque terms Either “Bank operations” Or “Export-Import activities”

45. MUSTs & MUST-NOTs MINIMUM MUSTs MUST rephrase MUST cite sources MUST circumscribe your scope MUSTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment MUST carry out YOUR OWN analysis MINIMUM MUST-NOTs MUST NOT copy and paste MUST NOT hide sources MUST NOT write your paper in the slides MUST-NOTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment MUST NOT just repeat what other scholars wrote