1. Shock
Part 3: Chapter 9

2. Body Functions….
3 conditions are needed to maintain adequate blood flow in the body:
The heart must be working well
An adequate amount of oxygen-rich blood must be circulating in the body
The blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow

3. What is Shock?
A progressive condition in which the circulatory system fails to circulate oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.
Vital organs begin to shut down

4. What Causes Shock? Severe injuries, involving rapid blood loss
Any significant fluid loss
Bleeding
Vomiting
Diarrhea

5. Domino Effect Severe bleeding
Heart beats faster to compensate for lose of blood
Rapid pulse = more blood lose =volume drop
Increased workload for heart mean more oxygen needed = breathing becomes faster
Blood vessels constrict to protect vital organs from blood loss = Pale, cool, moist skin
Lack of O2 causes tissue death in the arms and legs
Brain now sends signals to return blood to arms and legs
Vital organs now are not receiving adequate O2
Heart beats faster to compensate
Blood loss worsens
Domino Effect

6. Common Types and Causes of Shock
Anaphylactic
Life-threatening allergic reaction to a substance
May cause airway to swell, affecting ability to breathe
Can occur from insect stings or from food and drugs

7. Occurs with heart attacks
Cardiogenic
Failure of the heart to effectively circulate blood to all parts of the body
Occurs with heart attacks

8. Common Types (cont) Severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma
Hypovolemic
Severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma
Occurs with internal or external wounds or burns or with severe fluid loss, as from vomiting and diarrhea

9. Common Types EX Spinal injury Neurogenic
A disruption of the autonomic nervous system, which results in the blood vessels expanding and creating a drop in blood pressure
Can be caused by fluid loss, trauma to the nervous system or emotional shock
Fainting
EX Spinal injury

10. One More…
Septic
Toxins caused by severe infection cause the blood vessels to dilate

11. Signs & Symptoms Restlessness or irritability
Altered state of consciousness
Pale or ashen, bluish, cool or moist skin
Rapid breathing
Rapid and weak pulse
Excessive thirst
Nausea or vomiting

12. Care for Shock Help the victim lie down on his or her back
Elevate the legs about 12 inches to help blood circulate to the vital organs
Do not elevate the legs if:
Victim is nauseated or having trouble breathing
You suspect a head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs
Moving causes more pain. If you are unsure of the victims condition or if it is painful for him or her to move, leave the victim lying flat

13. Care for Shock Monitor the victims breathing and consciousness
Keep the victim from being chilled or overheated
Make them as comfortable as possible
Reassure the victim
Control external bleeding
DO NOT give the victim anything to eat or drink

14. Care for shock