1. Final Exam Part 2 Review

2. 1.What system is represented in the diagram? Excretory 2. Identify the function of this system. To remove cellular wastes from the body.

3. 3. Identify structures A, B and D and their functions. Lungs – gas exchange Liver – detoxifies the blood - Produced urea Kidneys -Filter the blood -Regulates the concentration of substances in blood -Produce urine

4. 1.What system is represented in the diagram? 2.Identify the labeled structures. A B C D E F G H Respiratory Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lungs Diaphragm

5. 1.Identify the structures that are lined with a ciliated mucous membrane. Nasal Cavity and trachea 2. Where does gas exchange occur? In the alveoli 3. Why does the trachea and bronchi have rings of cartilage? To support the trachea and bronchi

6. A B 1.Identify the system this structure if located in. Respiratory 2. Identify the function of alveoli. 3. Identify the process that enables the alveoli to carry out its function. Diffusion 4. Identify A and B. A – CO 2 and H 2 O B – O 2 Gas exchange

7. The chart below identifies the function of several organs found in a human body system. Which human body system performs these functions? (1) skeletal (3) circulatory (2) digestive (4) respiratory

8. Explain the difference between arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins. Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

9. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why. The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary. Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.

10. left ventricle right ventricle left atrium right atrium Identify structures B, D, E, F and H. aorta

11. Identify the part of the heart being described. 1.Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. 2.Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. 3.Large artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. 4.Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood to lungs. Left atrium Septum Aorta Right ventricle

12. 5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body. 6. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles. 7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Right atrium Valves Left ventricle

13. 1. Identify the following information for the food to the left. a. Serving size b. Total carbohydrates c. Calories d. Protein e. Calories from fat 2. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers? 120 calories 2 crackers 10g 60 2g 15

14. Which unit is used to express the amount of energy in food? (1)Calorie (2) milliliter (3) degree Celsius (4) gram

15. 1.What system is represented in the diagram? 2. Identify labeled structures. Digestive Salivary glands Esophagus Stomach Pancreas Large intestine Liver Gall bladder Small intestine Appendix

16. 3. Identify the function of those structures. A – Salivary glands B – Esophagus C – Stomach D – Pancreas E – Large intestine F – Appendix G – Small intestine H – Gall bladder I - Liver Produce saliva Pushes food to the stomach Chemical digestion of proteins, mechanical digestion Produces enzymes for chemical digestion in SI Absorbs water No function Chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients Stores bile Produces bile

17. 1.Identify the process below. 2.Where in the digestive does it occur? Peristalsis Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

18. 1. Identify the type of digestion that occurs in the moth and stomach. A B C D

19. Identify the muscle type described. 1.Attached to bones. 2.Involuntary and striated. 3.Lines the digestive tract and blood vessels. 4.Voluntary. 5.Only found in the heart. 6.Not striated and involuntary. 7.Branched fibers. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Cardiac

20. Identify each structure in the diagram and describe its function. Skeletal muscle: moves bones Ligament: connects bones Tendon: connects muscles to bines Bone

21. Which statement describes ligaments? 1.They are made of cartilage and cushion the vertebrae. 2.They are made of tough, elastic tissue and join bones. 3.They are made of tough, inelastic tissue and connect muscles. 4.They are striped and controlled by the nervous system.

22. The tissue that cushions the vertebrae and provides flexibility to joints is known as _______. cartilage

23. Running to escape danger is an action that requires the nervous system to coordinate the interaction of which two body systems? (1) digestive and endocrine (2) muscular and skeletal (3) reproductive and excretory (4) circulatory and digestive

24. The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems to produce locomotion is coordinated by which human body system? (1)circulatory (2) nervous (3) excretory (4) respiratory

25. 1.What is bacteria an example of? Pathogen 2. Identify the structures labeled X in the diagram. Support your answer. Antibodies. They are proteins found on the surface of pathogens. X

26. 3. Describe what occurs when this pathogen enters the body. Antibodies and memory cells are produced. Antibodies bind to the antigen to help destroy the pathogen. Memory cells remain in the blood to produce antibodies if exposed to the SAME pathogen. X

27. Explain the contents of a vaccine. Dead or weak PATHOGEN

28. How does a measles vaccine protect a child entering school against the measles? Vaccine is injected. The body produces antibodies and memory cells. Antibodies attach to antigens on the pathogen to help kill the pathogen. Memory cells remain in your blood to “remember” the pathogen.

29. 1.What pathogen causes AIDS? 2.What is the effect of AIDS on the body? HIV (which is a virus) It weakens the immune system so the body cannot fight pathogens well.

30. Infections may be caused by (1)mutations (2) toxic substances (3) microorganisms (4) climate changes

31. Which health condition is an infectious disease? (1) pneumonia caused by microorganisms (2) heart problem caused by a high-fat diet (3) lung cancer caused by smoking (4) eye damage caused by ultraviolet light

32. Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy could be prevented by eating oranges and lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease caused by (1)exposure to sea air (2) a microorganism (3) a nutritional deficiency (4) lack of exercise

33. A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to (1)selective breeding (2) extinction (3) dynamic equilibrium (4) disease

34. Y Z Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions. red blood cell white blood cell platelet Produce antibodies and engulf pathogens Carry oxygenBlood clotting

35. Which part of the human blood: 1.is the most numerous? 2.contains a nucleus? 3.is biconcave? 4.is produced in the bone marrow? 5.consists mainly of water? wbc’s rbc’s rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets rbc’s plasma

36. Which part of the human blood transports hormones and nutrients? 1.plasma 2.platelets 3.red blood cells 4.white blood cells

37. A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism (1) sensing and responding to its external environment (2) sensing and responding to its internal environment (3) changing and controlling its external environment (4) changing and controlling its internal environment

38. Identify the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. (interneurons) PNS consists of all nerves that extend away from the brain and spinal cord (sensory and motor neurons)

39. A C B D E 1.Identify the structure below. 2.Label all structures. Neuron

40. 3. Identify the message that travels through neurons. 4. Describe the nature of this message. Impulse Electrical and chemical

41. In a simple spinal reflex, the pathway for an impulse is along a sensory neuron directly to a motor neuron through (1.) a receptor (2.) an interneuron (3.) an effector (4.) the brain

42. Neurons that carry messages toward the CNS (brain and spinal cord) are called sensory neurons

43. Neurons that carry messages away the CNS (brain and spinal cord) are called Motor neurons

44. Why are reflexes much faster than a normal response? The impulse only travels to the spinal cord, not the brain.

45. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedback system used by the human body to increase and decrease blood sugar levels. This feedback system is one way that the human body (1)circulates gases (3) destroys viruses (2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports nutrients

46. 1.Identify the endocrine glands that produce insulin and glucagon. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) 2. Identify the function of insulin. Lowers blood glucose levels 3. Identify the function of glucagon. Increases blood glucose levels

47. The main function of hormones in the human body is to (1) identify and destroy microbes (2) regulate body functions (3) transport blood to cells (4) store energy

48. In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of (1)depletion (3) regulation (2) digestion (4) excretion

49. Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction? (1)circulatory (2) nervous (3) digestive (4) endocrine

50. 1.Identify the labeled structures. 2.Identify the structure described. a.Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Ureters a.Carries urine out of the body. Urethra a.Produces urine. Kidneys a.Stores urine. Urinary bladder A B C D Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

51. Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body? (1) circulatory (2) excretory (3) endocrine (4) reproductive

52. 1.Where does fertilization occur? 2.Where does the embryo develop? 3.Where does the placenta develop? 4.Where does meiosis occur? H - oviduct I - uterus G - ovary

53. 1.What structure produced estrogen and progesterone? 2.Where does a zygote develop? 3.Where is the egg fertilized? 4.Where does the placenta form? 5.Known as the birth canal. B - ovary D - uterus A - oviduct D - uterus C - vagina

54. 1.Where does meiosis occur? E – testes 2. Identify the structure that keeps the testes cooler for optimum sperm production. F - Scrotum 3. Which structure carries sperm from testes to the urethra? D – Vas deferens 4. Identify the structure that implants sperm into the vagina. C – Penis 5. Identify the structure that transports urine and sperm out of the body. B -Urethra

55. A B C Identify the names and functions of all structures labeled. A – vas deferens B - testes C - urethra D E F G H D - penis E - gland F - gland G - gland H – urinary bladder

56. A B C Identify the structures that release fluids that make up semen. F, G, E D E F G H